1070 EXPERIMENT STATION RECORD. 



"These measurements show that Stoddard on Americana gives the greatest aver- 

 age diameter of the trunk, with Marianna and Wayland about equal. Green Gage 

 did best on Wayland, with Marianna a close second, Peach and Americana being 

 third and fourth, respectively. Chabot was best on Wayland and second best on 

 Marianna. Milton was far superior on Marianna than on any other, Wayland and 

 Americana occupying second and third places. Newman did well on all stocks, but 

 was slightly superior, in diameter at least, on Wayland, followed by Marianna, 

 Americana, and Peach in the order named. . . . Stated briefly, Americana seems 

 best for Americana; Wayland for the Japanese; Milton for Marianna, with little 

 choice between Wayland and Marianna for the Domestica group, and no marked 

 choice between any of the four stocks for the Chicasaw group." 



The influence of Wayland stock on Milton variety is given special mention. On 

 Wayland the Milton grew more or less upright, while on Marianna the head was 

 low, bushy, and spreading. The variety Newman made especially good growth on 

 Peach roots, and it was suspected that roots might have been sent out by the scions. 

 Some of the trees were dug up, but in only one instance was this found to be true, 

 and this exception is not considered of any vital importance. 



"A comparison of the root systems showed the Peach to be the deepest rooted and 

 least spreading. Marianna and Wayland possessed numerous spreading and rather 

 shallow lateral roots. Americana, while having a spreading lateral-root system, was 

 not as symmetrically developed as were the two former. In none of them could the 

 root system be said to be much superior to that of Peach stock." Milton on Mari- 

 anna stock was much more seriously affected by "plum pocket" than when grown 

 on Wayland or Americana. Whether it was due to stock or not could not be told. 



Hybrids in their relation to grafting- and wines (Bui. Agr. Algcrie et Tim isle, 

 11 (1905), Nos. 23, pp. 524-530; 24, pp. 550-557). — The essential part of this article is 

 an address delivered by L. Daniel before the Viticultural Society of Lyons, in which 

 he reviews his work on grafting in the improvement of grapes, and points out its 

 practical application. 



It appears that the best French varieties of grapes can not be improved from the 

 standpoint of the fruit by grafting, but may be improved from the standpoint of 

 resistance. The case is different with hybrids, where opportunity for amelioration 

 by grafting is much greater, since not only can the resistance to phylloxera be thus 

 increased, but the crop greatly modified. 



Variations produced by grafting seem often to be hereditary in the vine. It may 

 thus happen that many old varieties may be materially modified in time. In order 

 to avoid this, it is recommended that experimental vineyards be established in 

 which the old French varieties of grapes, which have been originated with such 

 great care, may be preserved in their purity. 



Variation by grafting, G. Bonnier (Fermes et Chateaux, 1 (1905), No. 4, pp. 

 6-8, figs. 5) . — A popular and somewhat extensive review of the work of L. Daniel on 

 grafting between different species of plants, and on the hybrid variations obtained. 

 The review covers the results of the grafting experiments noted more at length in 

 earlier numbers of the Record. 



Study of the cider apples of Sarthe, P. L. C. Cassarini and E. Poupard (Bui. 

 Mens. Off. Renseig. Agr. [Paris], 5 (1906), No. 2, pp. 157-179). — A general account is 

 given of the cider regions of Sarthe, and of the varieties of apples used in cider pro- 

 duction. The various varieties are described in considerable detail, and a table given 

 showing the vigor and hardiness of different varieties when grown on the various 

 soils of different regions, the yields obtained, quality of fruit and cider made from 

 it, with analyses of the ciders. 



Olives and citrus fruits (Louisiana Stas. Rpt. 1905, pp. 9, 10). — During the year 

 1 variety of olive, Pensulina, produced fruit which was successfully pickled. The 

 fruit is of fine flavor and medium size. It is believed that these are the first olives 

 to be grown to maturity and pickled in Louisiana. Citrus hybrids produced by 



