1076 EXPERIMENT STATION RECORD. 



species with that of Para rubber before planting extensively. Other species of 

 Sapium found growing in Ceylon are S. indicum, S. insigne, and S. sebiferum. The 

 seeds of the latter are coated with "tallow," which is used in the place of animal 

 tallow for the manufacture of candles, soap, etc. 



Species of forest trees in Soudan, M. Constancia (Les essences forestieres du 

 Soudan, propres d, la construction. Paris: A. Challamel, 1905, pp. 68). — Descriptions 

 are given of the various forest trees of French Soudan, with an account of their use- 

 fulness for various purposes. 



Philippine wood oils, A. M. Clover (Philippine Jour. Sci., 1 (1906), No. 2, pp. 

 191-202). — A chemical study was made of the oils obtained from a number of Phil- 

 ippine woods. The principal oils studied are the oil of Supa, obtained from the tree 

 Sindora waUlchii; Balao, or oil of Apitong, derived from various species of the genus 

 Dlpterocarpus, the chief use of which appears to be in calking small boats and as a 

 protective varnish for woods; and Malapaho, or oil of Panao, from the tree I), 

 vernicifluus. 



DISEASES OF PLANTS. 



Incomplete experiments for 1905, L. F. Henderson* (Idaho Sta. Rpt. 1905, 

 pp. 14-22). — Brief accounts are given of a number of experiments which are in the 

 main incomplete. The investigations included spraying for the prevention of apple 

 scab and codling moth, combating pear blight and tomato blight, destruction of dan- 

 delions, spraying for the prevention of rose mildew and rose aphis, and spraying for 

 the elm aphis. 



The spray for the prevention of apple scab and codling moth consisted of Bordeaux 

 mixture, to which was added some form of arsenical preparation, but the results were 

 negative, no marketable apples being found in the orchard at the end of the season. 



In the experiments with pear blight the wounds made by cutting out diseased por- 

 tions of the trees were covered with a mixture consisting of sulphur and carbolic 

 acid. This was used quite liberally in covering the wounds, and there seems to be 

 some evidence to indicate that its use was followed by good results. The experiments 

 with tomato blight were practically a failure, although plants from seed placed 

 directly in the field where they were to stand were somewhat more promising than 

 others. 



In the eradication of dandelions the author applied kerosene, brine, and gasoline 

 to the plants, and where gasoline was applied the dandelion was killed without any 

 injury to the grass. The other treatments were not wholly efficient in destroying 

 the weed and the grass was often destroyed for several inches about the point of 

 application. A number of mixtures were tested for combating the rose mildew and 

 aphis, the best results being obtained where whale-oil soap and potassium sulphid 

 were combined. 



Spraying for the prevention of elm aphis consisted of winter or early spring treat- 

 ment with the lime-sulphur spray, and where well applied the trees were protected 

 against injury. Thorough applications must be given the trees, so as to reach all the 

 eggs, which are deposited in crevices of rough bark, especially toward the base of the 

 trees. 



Indiana plant diseases in 1905, F. D. Kern (Indiana Sta. Bid. Ill, pp. 123- 

 134)- — A resume is given of the plant diseases observed in Indiana in 1905, the data 

 being compiled chiefly from reports by correspondents made in response to a circular 

 letter sent out by the station. 



The summary indicates the prevalence of the more important diseases and esti- 

 mates the extent oi injury as compared with the previous season, whenever possible. 

 The various crops are taken up and under each are listed the diseases observed, and 

 where any are known, methods are given for their prevention. Formulas are given 

 for the preparation and use of fungicides in connection with combating plant diseases. 



