ECONOMIC ZOOLOGY ENTOMOLOGY. 1095 



Dotes an> given on the distribution of various specie- of Glossina and Tabanus in 

 Senegal, French Kongo, New Ajivers, the district of Ubangi, and other neighboring 

 countries. 



The horse botfly (Jour. Bd. Agr. [London], 12 (190 . pp. 108-110, 



figs. 2). — The botfly is quite common in the central and southern part of England, 

 but almost entirely absent from the northern pari <>i" tin- country. The common 

 species observed in England is Gastrophilus equi, but it is considered desirable thai 

 the point should be determined whether other species als ;cur. 



Observations on the bionomics of Auchmeromyia leuteola, F. C. Wellman 



(Eat. News, 17 (1906), No. .. pp. 64-67, figs. 8).— The larvae of this fly is a bl 1- 



Bucking maggol which has previously been referred to from South Africa. The 

 author followed the complete life history of the Bpecies and gives notes on it- method 

 of attacking man. 



Anatomy of Boophilus annulatus, S. R. Williams (Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. 

 Hist., 82, No. 8, pp. 818-884, i ,,s - 5, figs. 8). — The external anatomy, habits, and life 

 history of the cattle tick have been quite thoroughly worked out. The presenl 

 article, however, is apparently the firs! attempt to describe in detail the various 

 features of the internal anatomy of the cattle tick. 



It appears that the internal anatomy of this pesl differs decidedly from that of 

 Ixodes ricinus described in 1861 by Pagenstecher. In order to study the internal 

 anatomy of cattle ticks it was found necessary to allow the body to shrink somewhat 

 in alcohol. This makes it possible to remove the chitin which otherwise interferes 

 with making sections. According to the author, the external porous areas on cattle 

 ticks an- sense organs. The alimentary canal is a slightly curved tube provided 

 with <> large diverticula, which occupy mosl of the body of the tick. The adult 

 females appear to eject nothing from the alimentary canal or the renal organs. 



Apiculture, T. W. Kirk (New Zeal. Dept. Agr. Ann. RpL, IS ( 1905), />/>. 408 

 />/■■<. ;). — ( >n account oi the growing imp< >rtance of the bee industry in New Zealand, 

 it is recommended that an efficienl expert he appointed for the purpose of giving 

 instruction to bee raisers. The author has inspected about 2,500 colonies of 

 and brief notes are presented on foul brood, bee moth, and other troubles which 



affect the bee raiser. 



Beekeeping: How to meet its dangers and difficulties, B. X. < i vri:s ( Agr. of 

 Mass., 52 (1904), /'/'• 411-426). — Statistics are given on the amount of honey produced 

 in .Massachusetts and certain other States with which Massachusetts is compared. 

 In wintering bees it is essential that the colonies have plenty of stores and be given 

 a uniform temperature, without too much moisture. Particular attention is given to 

 the discussion of the bee moth, robbing, foul brood, and other diseases of be. g. 



Scientific queen raising, A. 11. W. Clarkson (Queensland Agr. Jour., 1>: | 1905 , 

 .V". l,pp. 118-122). — The author argues thai it is useless to attempt to rear queens 

 in weak colonies. The nuclei should bestrong, Binceothena ise the necessary amount 

 of food and the proper temperature can not be secured for the developmenl of queens. 

 As a standard for good queens it is considered that they should be able to lay from 

 2,000 to 3,000 eggs per day during the proper season of the year. 



The method recommended by the author con>ists in transferring a frame of queen 

 cells with royal jelly to a Btrong colony of bees which, at the time, is working vigor- 

 ously in the upper part of the hive. Before this is done a couple of frames contain- 

 ing young larvae could be removed from the lower to the upper story ami a queen 

 placed between the bottom and top story. A- soon as the bees find that the brood 

 is not increasing in the top story they proceed to raise a new queen. 



Ventilation of bees, Devauchkllk (ApicuUeur, 50 (1906), No. l.j>j>. 10-1}).— 

 The author presents a discussion of the phenomenon of bees ventilating the hive by 

 Wing movements at the entrance to the hive. It is believed that the purpose of this 

 is to lower the temperature in the hive and renew the air in order to increase the 

 evaporation of nectar. 



