1108 EXPERIMENT STATION RECORD. 



On the lecithin content of milk, W. Koch (Ztschr. Physiol. Chem., 47 (1906), 

 No. 4-6, pp. 327-330). — What has heretofore been reported as lecithin, the author 

 considers a mixture of lecithin and cephalin. The two substances may be separated 

 by precipitation of the cephalin from an alcoholic solution by means of an amraoni- 

 acal solution of lead acetate. Both lecithin and cephalin are considered present in 

 milk in sufficient quantities for estimation. Failure to find lecithin in milk is 

 believed to be due to the common error of treating lecithin as a fat and extracting 

 with ether. Lecithin, however, does not behave the same an a fat and in separating 

 milk it remains for the most part in the skim milk rather than being removed in the 

 cream. 



A comparison of the composition of the casein of human, cows', and goats' 

 milk, E. Abderhalden and A. Schittexhelm (Ztschr. Physiol. Chem., 47 (1906), 

 No. 4-6, pp. 458-465). — From 200 gm. of water-free casein prepared from goats' milk, 

 the authors obtained by hydrolysis, alanin 3 gm., leucin 14.8 gm., prolin 9.24 gin., 

 phenylalanin 5.5 gm., glutaminic acid 22.5 gm., aspartic acid 2.2 gm., and tyrosin 

 9.9 gm. From 7 gm. of casein prepared from human milk 0.33 gm. of tyrosin and 

 0.28 gm. of glutaminic acid were obtained in the same manner. The albumin from 

 human milk yielded 1.26 per cent of tyrosin and 0.98 per cent of glutaminic acid, 

 the latter being considered much too low. 



Preliminary communication on the glycocoll content of milk proteids, 

 E. Abderhalden and A. Hunter (Ztschr. Physiol. Chem., 47 (1906), No. 4-6, pp. 

 404-406). — From a mixture of albumin and globulin prepared from cows' milk there 

 were obtained by hydrolysis with hydrochloric acid, glycocoll, alanin, leucin, prolin, 

 phenylalanin, glutaminic acid, and aspartic acid. Whether the glycocoll comes from 

 the albumin or globulin or both is yet to be determined. The quantity is small, only 

 1.2 gm. of the ester being obtained from 100 gm. of the albumin or globulin. 



A comparison of udder conformation and of milk production, J. L. Hills 

 (Vermont Sta. Rpt. 1905, pp. 419-421). — Five cows classed as having well-balanced 

 udders produced on an average 5,725 lbs. of milk and 342 lbs. of butter yearly for 

 an average of 3 years; 18 cows having fairly well-balanced udders, 5,377 lbs. of 

 milk and 333 lbs. of butter yearly for 3.5 years; and 11 cows having poorly formed 

 udders, 5,219 lbs. of milk and 324 lbs. of butter yearly for 3.6 years. 



A comparison of the yield of the fore and hind quarters was made with 5 cows, 

 the results showing a yield of 46 per cent for the fore quarters and 54 per cent for 

 the hind quarters, the quality being practically identical. The results were the same 

 whether the fore quarters or the hind quarters were milked first. 



A trial of the Hegelund or Danish method of milking-, J. L. Hills ( Ver- 

 mont Sta. Rpt. 1905, pp. 412-418). —The Hegelund manipulation method was com- 

 pared with extra-thorough stripping. The tests w T ere made with 7 cows and covered 

 3 or 4 periods of 5 weeks' duration each. 



When the Hegelund method was employed the first portion of the milking obtained 

 in the ordinary manner was reduced in quantity and slightly in quality, but when 

 taken with the residual milk obtained by manipulation the two portions together 

 showed an increase in yield and a slight tendency toward better quality. With extra 

 stripping the first portion showed likewise a reduction in quantity and quality, but 

 when the strippings were added there was a gain in yield in but a single instance. 



More food was consumed by the cows when the two special methods were 

 employed, obviously introducing, according to the author, an element of doubt as 

 to how much of the gain was due to manipulation and how much to increased food 

 consumption. 



The increased yield obtained by the Hegelund method was considered hardly 

 more than sufficient to pay for the extra labor involved while the extra stripping 

 was done at a loss. 



"If, as is probably the fact, the persistency of the milking habit and the more per- 



