11(38 EXPERIMENT STATION RECORD. 



ECONOMIC ZOOLOGY— ENTOMOLOGY. 



Bark ringing- by woodpeckers and its relation to forest insects, G. Fuchs 

 (Naturw. Ztschr. Land u. Forstw., 3 (1905), No. 8, pp. 317-341, pi. 1, figs. 7).— It has 

 been shown by various authors that woodpeckers may attack healthy trees making 

 a ring of punctures around the trunk and causing an outgrowth of a shelf-like struc- 

 ture at such points. 



It appears that some of the species of woodpeckers are fond of the sap obtained in 

 such outgrowths. It has also been observed that these ring structures may become 

 infested with insects and are visited by woodpeckers in search of food. The author 

 believes that on the whole woodpeckers are of more benefit in the destruction of 

 injurious insects than harm as a result of injury to trees. » 



The pine squirrel as a forest pest, Rudolf Koch (Naturw. Ztschr. Land u. 

 Forstw., 3 (1905), No. 7, pp. 298-303, fig. 1).— The author presents details regarding 

 the nature of injury to the twigs of pines and fir trees by pine squirrels. The idea 

 that these injuries are more often due to the attacks of Garrulus glandarius is with- 

 out foundation. 



The loss of terminal twigs through the agency of pine squirrels, K. von 

 Tubeuf (Naturw. Ztschr. Land u. Forstw., 3 (1905), No. 11, pp. 476-478, fig. 1).— 

 According to observations made by the author all of the terminal twigs of pine trees 

 eaten off by pine squirrels were subsequently replaced by lateral twigs which, how- 

 ever, grow considerably less rapidly than uninjured terminal twigs. The injury from 

 pine squirrels is, therefore, considered as a serious matter. 



Cases of bark injury due to the pine squirrel (Sciurus vulgaris), K. Eppner 

 (Naturw. Ztschr. Land u. Forstw., 3 (1905), No. 3, pp. 112-120, figs. «?) .—According to 

 the author's observations various species of pine are at times greatly injured by the 

 pine squirrels gnawing off the bark and biting off the terminal branches. Several 

 illustrations of this work of the pine squirrel are given wdiich indicate that the injury 

 from this squirrel may assume a serious character. 



The determination of generic types, and a list of roundworm genera, with 

 their original and type species, C. W. Stiles and A. Hassall ( U. S. Dept. Agr., 

 Bar. Anim. Indus. Bui. 79, pp. 150). — Much confusion has prevailed in zoological 

 literature on account of the uncertainty regarding scientific names and the authors 

 believe that this is partly due to a failure to designate type species for genera at the 

 time of their erection. The discussion presented in this bulletin is designed to pre- 

 vent, as far as possible, further confusion. 



A historical review is given of the principles of type designation, together with 

 copies of the British Association Code, the Dall Code, the code of the American 

 Ornithologists' Union, and of the German Zoological Society, as well as other rules 

 proposed by the various individuals and associations. The principles maintained in 

 the bulletin are illustrated by application to a list of genera of roundworms. 



The synonymy of Taenia, T. crassicollis, T. marginata, T. serrata, T. 

 ccenurus, T. serialis, and Echinococcus, C. W. Stiles and E. C. Stevenson 

 (U. S. Dept. Agr., Bur. Anim. Judas. Bid. 80, pp. 14)- — This bulletin contains a 

 detailed synonymy of species contained in the subgenera Taenia and Tasniarhynchus 

 as well as the species socialis in the genus Multiceps. 



International catalogue of scientific literature. N — Zoology (Internat. Cat. 

 Sci. Lit., 3 (1905), pp. XI+ 438).— The bibliographical references included in this 

 volume are based mainly on literature published in 1903. It includes also certain 

 articles published in 1901 and 1902. The bibliographical titles are grouped according 

 to zoological classification. 



The fauna of British India including Ceylon and Burma. Butterflies, I, 

 C. T. Bingham (London: Taylor & Francis, 1905, pp. XXII + 511, pis. 10, figs. 94).— 

 This volume is the first of a series of three which are being prepared by the author to 



