1170 EXPERIMENT STATION RECORD. 



In controlling this pest it is recommended that old stalks should not be left in the 

 field, but should be burned. In this manner the winter protection for the pest will 

 be removed. Cornstalks may also be plowed under, but this is less effective, since 

 they may not all be buried to a sufficient depth. Losses from the insect in question 

 can not he materially reduced by late planting. A number of parasitic enemies are 

 known, but they are not capable of reducing the number of the pest materially. 



The preservation of maize during transport by the Clayton process ( Sci. 

 .Inter. Sup., 61 (1906), No. 1571, pp. 25177, 25178, figs. 10).— Brief notes are given on 

 the various uses of corn and the methods of transporting it from one country to 

 another. In such transportation maize may be attacked by beetles, and for destroy- 

 ing insect pests in corn sulphur fumigation by means of the Clayton apparatus has 

 been found very efficient. The apparatus is suited to disinfection of dwelling houses 

 and other buildings as well as ships. The apparatus in question distributes sulphur 

 dioxid, sulphur trioxid, and other gases through the infested material, and destroys 

 insects in such material. 



The control of micro-lepidoptera injurious to grapes in France, J. Dewitz 

 (Centbl. Bakt. [etc], 2. AbL, 15 (1905), No. 15-10, pp. 449-467).— The most impor- 

 tant micro-lepidoptera which attack grapes in France are Tortrix pillertana, T. 

 ambiguella, and Eudemis botrana. 



In treating infested grapes in winter good results have been obtained from spray- 

 ing with boiling water. Grapevines may also be sprayed with good results by the 

 use of a mixture of lime, coal tar, caustic soda, and carbon bisulphid in water. 

 Some of the insects in the winter stage may be destroyed by scraping the bark from 

 grape trunks or by inclosing the trunks and fumigating with sulphur. Infested 

 trunks may also be sprayed with a mixture of 10 kg. coal tar, 2 kg. oleic acid, 0.5 kg. 

 caustic soda in 90 liters of water. In controlling these pests in summer some suc- 

 cess has been had from the use of lantern traps, sticky substances, and various 

 insecticides in weak solutions. 



Combating phylloxera in 1904, D. Cavazza (Ann. TJjfic. Prov. Acjr. Bologna, 

 11 (1904), pp. 41-74)- — A meeting was held in Imola at which measures were adopted 

 regarding the control of phylloxera. As a result of this meeting measures were 

 taken to determine the present status of infestation and the results of previous work 

 in controlling the phylloxera. A committee was also appointed to study the distri- 

 bution of American grape roots in the infested region and measures concerned with 

 the control of the pest. 



The grape phylloxera in Hesse, W. Schuster (Ber. Oberhess. Gesell. Nat. u. 

 Heilk., 34 (1905), pp. 105-127 ', figs. 2). — A brief historical statement is given regard- 

 ing the introduction of the grapevine phylloxera into Hesse and its subsequent dis- 

 tribution. Particular attention is given to a statistical account of the prevalence of 

 this pest from 1878 to 1902. 



Natural enemies of the fruit fly, C. P. Lounsbury (Agr. Jour. Cape Good Hope, 

 27 (1905), Nos. 3, pp. 309-319; 4, PP- 457-469).— A visit was made to Brazil for the 

 purpose of investigating fruit flies and their parasites with a view to the importation 

 of possible beneficial parasites. The author and Mr. Fuller spent considerable time 

 studying the conditions of the problem in localities where Mr. Compere had 

 previously worked. 



As a result of the investigations it is concluded that the efficiency of natural ene- 

 mies of the fruit flies found in Brazil has been greatly overestimated by Mr. Com- 

 pere. The fruit fly Ceratitis capitata is a serious pest in various parts of Brazil and 

 appears not to be held in check by its natural enemies. Another serious fruit fly 

 pest is Anastrepha fratercula and is also not greatly affected by natural parasites. 

 Thestaphylinid beetle reported by Mr. Compere as an important enemy of the fruit 

 fly was not found at all by the author. 



