ECONOMIC ZOOLOGY — ENTOMOLOGY. 1178 



tables for the identification of the genera and species "t' mosquitoes recognized in 

 North and Middle America 



Household insects, \Y. Loch head (Canad. Ent., 88 {1906), No. 8, pp. 

 figs. 8). — Notes arc given on the habits and life history of house flies, mosquitoes, 

 fleas, bedbug, carpet beetles, clothes moths, larder beetles, mites in cheese, ham, and 

 flour, flour beetles, meal worm.-, and ivd ants. Practical methods of combating 

 these pests are suggested for each species. 



Report of the committee on apiary, .1. \V. Nelson {Ann. Rpt. Venn. Dept. 

 Ayr., 10 {1904), pp. 881 888). The winter of L904 is said to have been one of 

 unusual severity for bees. Notes are given on the quality of honey obtained from 

 various kinds of plants with particular reference to its color and taste. Atten- 

 tion is called to the desirability of a stringent law in Pennsylvania regarding the 

 eradication of foul brood. 



Apiculture in Cuba, E. \Y. Halstead {Eslac. Cent. Agron. Cuba Circ. ■'",/>/>■ tl, 

 pls.8,ji</. 1). — Brief historical notes are given on the development of apiculture in 

 Cuba, the management of bees, artificial swarming, introduction of queens, extrac- 

 tion of honey, foul brood, and other diseases of bei 



Age at which, bees first carry pollen, C. C. Miller {Jour. Dept. Agr. West. 

 Aust., IS {1905), No. 3, pp. .'/■'>• ."/'>). — The difficulty experienced in determining this 

 matter is considerably increased by the fact thai her- so often attempt to rob honey 

 from other colonies and in many instances become confused and enter the wrong 

 hives. The author made a number of observations on this subject and will continue 

 his investigations. 



Japan's three silk crops, F. A. Vivanti I Yokohama: Japan Gazette Press, 1905, 

 pp. 10). — The great increase in the silk industry in Japan during the past -i" years is 

 attributed by the author to the improved methods which have been adopted, so that 

 three crops of silkw orms may be fed annually. 



Formerly sericulture was eonfined almost entirely to the northern provinces of 

 Japan, hut now this industry flourishes throughout the islands. The method by 

 which the three crops of silkworms are i>->\ annually is based on tin- use of cold 

 Btorage. A large supply of eggs are placed in cold storage in the fall and carried over 

 to the following spring. In May, when the first mulberry leaves appear, about 'i"> 

 per cent of the eggs are taken out of cold storage and hatched. After aboul one 

 month one-half of the remaining eggs are in turn taken out and hatched, thus pro- 

 ducing the summer crop of cocoons which are ready for reeling in July or August 

 About a month later, the rest of the eggs are taken from cold storage and hatched, so 

 as to produce the autumn, or third crop. 



Streptococcus bombycis in relation to emaciation and flaccidity of the 

 silkworm, S. Sabtirana {Centbl. Bakt. [etc.], i. Abt., Orig., 10 {1906), No. .', pp. 

 207-211; 40 {1906), No. 3, pp. 881 886). The author studied the morphologj and 

 biology of this micro-organism with special reference to it- connection with emacia- 

 tion in silkworm-. 



As a result of numerous inoculation experiments, it is concluded that the micro- 

 organism in question must be considered as the only specific cause of this disease. 

 It is found chiefly in the alimentary tract, and causes local I. -ion-, which lead to 

 chronic enteritis. Flaccidity, however, can not he considered as a peculiar disease 

 caused by one micro-organism alone; it is rather a mixed infection due to a Dumber 

 of micro-organisms, including streptococci. 



