MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY. 189 



Vrsus americanus, and the large. Grizzly, U.ferox, there is found another, 

 intermediate in size to these, generally of a brownish eolor, with the tips 

 of the hairs often silvered, especially in the old individuals, and in appear- 

 ance, except in size, is almost identical with the U. ferox found in such 

 great numbers in California. Among the people of the country they are 

 known as brown bears ; but this term is variously modified by the most ex- 

 perienced hunters, as we have heard applied by them, to the same indi- 

 vidual, the name grizzly bear, touch of the grizzly, cross between the griz- 

 zly and brown bear, and common brown bear; but on no occasion have 

 we heard them assign any relationship between these animals and the 

 common black bear, causing us to believe that there must be a considerable 

 difference between this animal and the brown bear of Oregon, which is 

 called by naturalists only a variety of the black; in fact, its size generally, 

 would necessarily preclude such comparison, while even the very old indi- 

 vidual falls far short of the weight and dimensions of the U.ferox of Cali- 

 fornia, of which we could much more easily consider it a variety than of 

 the U. americanus." * One of the three of Mr. II. J. Clark's specimens, 

 however, referred by Professor Baird to the U. cinnamomeus Baird, was 

 " glossy black," and the others brown. 



Audubon remarks that the U. horribilis varies in color from nearly 

 white through various shades of pale and dark brown to black, it bein"- 

 difficult to find two specimens alike. The young are generally much darker 

 than the adult. Yellowish gray and grayish brown are common varieties, 

 while some arc of a rufous tint. This account is confirmed by Prince 

 Maximilian's observations on the bears of the Upper Missouri.* 



The specimens from New Mexico and the adjoining country southwards, 

 which present the peculiar characters mentioned above, have usually been 

 referred to the U. horribilis, as previously stated; but others that are 

 equally perplexing, but commonly referred to the brown variety of U. 

 americanus, also occur in the same region. Some of these latter differ so 

 much from other brown bears from Oregon, also referred to U. americanus, 

 that Professor Baird has considered the probability of their proving distinct 

 species very great, and proposed to call the former, in that event, U. am- 

 blyceps. These Sonoran specimens differ from representatives of U. ameri- 

 canus from the Eastern States in nearly the manner that the Sonoran 

 variety horriccus of the grizzly, 17. horribilis, does from the true U. horribilis 

 of California ; namely, in the greater relative breadth of the head, the rela- 

 tively smaller size of the molar teeth, and the irregular character of the 



* United States and Mexican Bound. Surveys, Vol. II, Mammal-, p. 23. 



f Verzeichniss der auf seiner Reise in Nordamerika beobachteten Saugetliicre, Vom 

 Prinzen Maximilian zu Wied. Archiv fiir Naturgeschichte, XXVII, 1S61, Theil 1, 

 p. 203, Taf. VIII. 



