556 NOTES ON AUSTRALIAN EARTHWORMS, 



in others the segments are bi-annulate, and further back they may- 

 be even tri-armulate. In all my adult specimens (collected in 

 winter) the only trace of the clitellum is the distinctly brighter 

 colour and the slightly modified surface of segments xiv to xviii, 

 and sometimes of xiii except the ventral portion, but there is no 

 thick glandular development, nor are the lines of demarcation 

 between the segments at all obscured. Such examples have the 

 papillse and male pores conspicuous. Small immature worms 

 are wholly without any trace of such modifications, and the 

 papillae and pores are scarcely noticeable. Three specimens 

 in the Macleay Museum though somewhat bleached, shew five 

 segments, xiv to xviii, still further specialised so as to leave no 

 doubt of the existence of a well developed clitellum during the 

 breeding season ; and in one of them the inter-segmental 

 boundaries are all but obliterated, and the clitellum is complete 

 all round except for the ventral portion of xviii. In these 

 specimens also xiii is slightly modified but is well marked off 

 from the other segments. The slit-like male pores open on two 

 conspicuous papillae on xviii, situated laterally on the anterior 

 half of the ventral portion of the segment, the anterior basal 

 portions of the papillae extending slightly on to the preceding 

 segment. 



The setae in some specimens are quite inconspicuous : but 

 usually they are easily discernible in eight longitudinal rows, of 

 which the inner three on each side are ventral and straight, while 

 the outermost row on each side is lateral, and in all the specimens 

 I have seen, sinuous. The second and third, and third and 

 fourth about the same distance apart, and a little further distant 

 than the first and second rows ; the two innermost rows are about 

 3 mm. apart. The setaa are simple /-shaped. The setigerous 

 segments commence with the second. 



The dorsal pores commence after segment v, and at first occur 

 regularly ; further back, however, they may be present only 

 between every two or even three, segments. 



The two oviducal pores are situated on segment xiv, one on 

 each side of, and rather close to the median line ; they are about 



