938 NOTE ON A LABYRINTHODONT FOSSIL FROM COCKATOO ISLAND, 



Mr. Mallet again, Mem. Geol. Surv. Ind. VII. 1, gives an account 

 of the escarpments with which he was concerned, which will 

 precisely fit our Blue Mountains. The same author gives an 

 admirable account of the process of erosion by which the sandstone 

 valleys have been excavated. 



Again, Mr. Blandford (Pal. Ind. iSer. iv, Vol. I, Part 1, p. ii.) 

 describes the Panchet beds as follows : — 



" The Panchet beds consist mainly of alternations of fine red 

 clay and of coarse sandstone. The beds of the former are thin, 

 rarely exceeding 12 feet in thickness, and continuous over consi- 

 derable areas ; the latter are sometimes above a hundred feet thick, 

 most irregularly and obliquely laminated, and evidently deposited 

 by water flowing with a strong current. The component particles 

 of thesandstonesare principally grains of quartz and of undecomposed 

 felspar, with numerous plates of mica, all evidently derived from 

 the metamorphic rocks. These sandstones are rarely conglomeritic ; 

 the pebbles, when they do occur, comprise fragments of coal, 

 shale, &c, derived from the Damuda series. Towards the base of 

 the Panchets, fine muddy silts and shales occur. Towards the top 

 conglomerates are more frequent. Organic remains are scarce 

 throughout. The whole thickness of the series, excluding some 

 overlying coarse ferruginous sandstones and conglomerates, which 

 probably belong to a higher formation, is at least 1,500 feet. 



" It was in one of the more conglomeritic bands, an argillaceous 

 sandstone with pebbles of shale and of other rocks, and occurring 

 about 500 feet above the base of the series, that the bones now 

 described were found. They were invariably detached, even single 

 teeth being met with ; the jaws were fragmentary, and many of the 

 bones had been rolled and rounded. In addition to the first 

 locality at Deoli, other spots yielding fossils were subsequently 

 found, all apparently at the same general stratigraphical horizon, 

 and probably in the same bed, which was traced by Mr. Tween for 

 a considerable distance. The other fossils met with in the Panchet 

 beds were a few plants and some Ento?nostraca, the most abundant 

 of which was an Estheria, apparently. E. Mangaliensis, II. Jones. 



