ZONITES. 103 



Con. Icon., Xo. 672 (1852) ? — Desh ayes in Fer., I. 94, PI. LXXXII. Fig. 6. 



— W. G. Binney, Terr. Moll., IV. 106. —Bland. Ann. X. Y. Lye, VII. 



119 (excl. syn. inornata). 

 Helix lucubrata, Binney, nee Say, Terr. Moll., II. 225, PL XXXII. 

 Helix fuliginosa, Binney, in Bost. Journ. (pars, excl. deser., syn., et fig.), 1840. 

 Helix inornata, Reeve, 1. c. 666, not Say. 

 Hyalina laevigata, Tkyon, Am. Journ. Conch., II. 247 (1866). 

 Zonites loevigatus, W. G. Binney, L. & Fr.-W. Sh., I. 287, Fig. 515 (1869). 

 Zonitcs capnodes, part, W. G. Binney, 1. c. Fig. 508. 



Animal : head and eye-peduncles dark blue ; body and foot pearly white ; 

 margin of foot furrowed, furrows meeting OYer posterior termination. Caudal 

 extremity bluish above, with a gland. A distinct locomotive disk. 



Fi 2,3. I have received specimens from Pennsylvania to Arkansas, 



from Illinois to St. Augustine, Florida, and Mobile. The spe- 

 cies may therefore be said to inhabit the Interior and South- 

 ern Region. It attains its greatest development in the Cum- 



Z, Irrvigatus, var. ,,.„,. 



berland bubregion. 



A more globose variety is figured. Fig. 24. 



A variety from Columbus, Georgia, and Franklin 

 County, Tennessee, is more depressed. I formerly erro- 

 neously referred this form to Z. capnodes. 



I have given the synonymy of this species in full 



, . , _ Z. loevigatus, var. 



to show under how many names it has appeared. It 



seems to have been sent to Ferussac by Rafinesque under the name it bears, 



though no description of it by the latter author is extant. Ferussac mentions 



it by name only in his " Tableaux " (1821), with no reference, however, to the 



figure which afterwards appeared (1832) in the " Histoire." In 1840 Binney 



evidently refers to it in the "Boston Journal" as a striated variety of. fuligi- 



nosus, and quotes Ferussac's figure. He also suggests its identity with lucubralus. 



In 1848 the first description of the shell was published by Pfeiffer, whom I have 



given as the authority for the specific name. In continuing Ferussac's great 



work, Deshayes also describes the shell, as does also Pfeiffer in the second 



edition of Chemnitz. It was therefore well established and universally known 



by the name of Icevigatus when the " Terrestrial Mollusks " appeared. The name 



proposed by Dr. Binney would not, therefore, have precedence over PfeitFer's, 



even had it been an entirely new name. Dr. Binney, however, commits the 



error of applying to this species Say's name of lucubrata, though there is no 



evidence of Say's ever having seen the species. On the other hand, in Mr. 



Poulson's collection are specimens of Icevigatus labelled by Say " Helix ■, 



Claiborne, Ala." The label written during the last few years of Say's life 



shows conclusively his ignorance of the species. 



Pfeiffer, Deshayes, Chemnitz, and Reeve have confounded Z. inornatus with 



this species, even quoting in some instances Dr. Binney 's figure of inornatus in 



