VERTIGO. 213 



Pupa costulata, Mighels, is the same as Acanthinula harpa. 



Pupa exigua, Say, etc., is the same as Carychium exiguum. (See Vol. IV.) 



Pupa Gouldii, Binney, etc., is the same as Vertigo Gouldi. 



Pupa milium, Gould, is the same as Vertigo milium. 



Pupa modesla, Say, etc., is the same as Vertigo ovata. 



Pupa ovata, Gould, etc., is the same as Vertigo ovata. 



Pupa ovulum., Pfeiffer, is the same as Vertigo ovata. 



Pupa simplex, Gould, etc., is the same as Vertigo simplex. 



Pupa incana, = Strophia. 



Pupa unicarinata, Binney, Terr. Moll., I., is the same as Macroceramus Kicneri. 



Pupa Nebrascana, of Warren's Report of Surveys, etc., Ex. Doc, II. Pt. 2, 35th 



Cong., 1859, p. 725, may perhaps be P. contracta. 

 P. marginata, Drap., credited to North America by Prestwich, Quart. Journ. 



Geol. Soc, XXVII. 493. 



Fossil Species of Pupa. 

 Pupa helicoides, Meek and Hayden, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad.,VIII. 118. 

 Pupa vetusta, Dawson, Geol. Soc. Proc, 1852, IX. 60, PI. IV. {Dcndrojnipa, 



Owen). 

 Pupa Vermil ionensis, coal of Illinois, see Silliman's Amer. Joum. of Science for 

 Aug., 1872. 



VERTIGO, MtiLL. 

 Animal as in Pupa, but tentacles wanting. 



Shell deeply rimate, ovate, apex acuminate obtuse ; whorls 5-6, the last 

 rounded ; aperture semi-oval, with four to seven folds ; peristome scarcely ex- 

 panded, white-lipped. 



The distribution of the genus is world-wide. 



Jaw more or less arched, ends but little attenuated, blunt ; anterior surface 

 with delicate vertical striae ; cutting margin with a more or less developed 

 median projection. 



I have given Fig. 117 copied from that of Morse. In the 



6 ° r Fig. 117. 



L. & Fr.-W. Sh. N. A., I., will be found other figures of ^cTT- 



jaws showing the variations in outline found in the genus. 



I have personally examined the jaw in none of our species. 



(Morse). 



Jaw of Vertigo ovata 



For the characters of the lingual dentition 1 am also en- 



tirely dependent on Morse. 



Fig: 113 shows the general arrangement of the teeth on the membrane. 

 The membrane is long and narrow. The central teeth have a base of attach. 



Fig. 118. 



Lingual dentition of Vertigo ovata (Morse) 



