134 THE PLUMS OF NEW YORK 



scale is used to control this pest, but usually such treatment is supple- 

 mented by a svmimer spray about July first with such contact sprays as 

 whale oil soap and kerosene emulsion. Of the other scales ' which feed 

 upon plums and now and then become pestiferous the following may be 

 named : The fruit pulvinaria {Pulvinaria amygdali Cockerell) , the mealy 

 bug (Pseudococcus longispinus Targioni), the scurfy scale (Chionaspis 

 jurfuraFitch) , the West Indian peach scale (Atdacaspis pentagonaTargiom) , 

 the Putnam scale {Aspidiotus ancylus Putnam), the cherry scale {Aspid- 

 iotus forbesi Johnson), the walnut scale (Aspidiotus juglans-regice Corn- 

 stock), Howard's scale {Aspidiotus howardii Cockerell), the European 

 fruit scale {Aspidiotus ostrecejormis Curtis), the red scale of California 

 {Chrysomphalus aurantii Maskell), the oyster-shell scale {Lepidosaphcs 

 ulmi Linnaeus), and the soft scale {CocaiS hesperidum Linnaeus). 



Wild plums of several species seem to be favorite feeding grounds 

 for the tent caterpillar ^ {Malacosonia americana Fabricius), but culti- 

 vated plums are not so often attacked ; the spraying with arsenites usually 

 given for the curculio is fatal to this pest as well. The spring canker- 

 worm ' {Paleacrita vernaia Peck) and the fall canker-worm ' {Alsophila 

 pometaria Harris) are other caterpillars which often do much damage 

 unless checked by destructive measures, of which the best are the arsenical 

 sprays. The larvae of a considerable number of other moths and butter- 

 flies are often fotmd on plum foliage but seldom in such numbers as to 

 require systematic destruction. 



The eye-spotted bud-moth " {Tmeiocera ocellana Schiffermuller) is 

 a rather serious pest in plum nurseries where the larvae eat into the young 

 buds at the time they are opening, often destroying the shoots. Some- 

 times the larvae are found destroying buds on old trees. The arsenical 

 sprays are used to destroy this pest. The peach twig-moth {Anarsia 

 lineatella Zeller) is now and then found in plum twigs but is seldom classed 

 as a plum pest. 



The clover mite ' {Bryobia pratcnsis Garman) formerly considered 

 a serious pest of the plum only in the far West, is now abundant in plum 



' For references to these scales see Femald, Mrs. M. E. Coccidae of the World Mass. 

 Sta. Bui. 88:1-360. 1903. 



2 Lowe, V. H. The Apple-tree Tent Cateri^iUar .V. Y. Sta. Bid. 152:279-293. 1898. 



'Riley, C. V. An. Rpt. State Entom. Mo. 2:94-103. 1S70. 



*Ibid. 7:83-90- 1875- 



'Saunders, W. Insects Injurious to Fruits 95, 96. 18S3. 



•Riley, C. V. and Marlatt, C. L. The Clover Mite Insect Life 3:45-53- 1890. 



