BY E. HAVILAND, 239 



supposing that the anthers in this genus deposit their pollen, in 

 the first place, into the indusium while in the bud ; but from that 

 point he entirely difiers from him. His (Herman Mueller's) 

 opinion is pretty clearly expressed thus : — " In the plants of this 

 order the style ends in a collecting cup which receives the pollen 

 while still in the bud, and then closes up, leaving a narrow opening 

 for the most part covered with hairs. At the same time it bends 

 down to stand in the mouth of the almost horizontal flower, so 

 that insect visitors come in contact with the hairs and dust them- 

 selves with the pollen. As the stigmatic lobes grow up in the cup 

 (indusium) they keeping forcing fresh pollen into the narrow slit, 

 and finally emerge by it themselves and then receive the follen of 

 younger flowers from insect visitors." My own expressed opinion, 

 that the genus is cross-fertilised by the aid of insects, is thus 

 corroborated by Herman Mueller, who only differs from me in 

 supposing that the pollen is first deposited by the anthers in the 

 indusium of the same flower, and then carried away by insects as 

 the stigma pushes it out of the indusium. Whereas a very careful 

 study of the genus leads me to the conclusion that insects carry 

 away the pollen directly from the anthers, leaving in the same way 

 the stigma when it shall have matured to receive the pollen of 

 other flowers. Even the fact of Mr. Hamilton having found 

 the pollen of the flower closely packed aboat its own stigma does 

 not necessarily imply self-fertilisation. I have already pointed 

 this out at length in my paper on Utricularia. (Pro. Lin. Soc, 

 29th November, 1882.) It is not by any means unusual for the 

 stigma of a flower to be thickly covered by the pollen from its own 

 anthers ; not however for its own fertilisation, but to hold it up 

 and expose it to the visits of insects who carry it away, leaving 

 the stigma clean to receive other pollen in its turn. In the genus 

 Lobelia, the style pushes the pollen before it out of the tube 

 formed by the anthers, and in which it is very closely packed. 

 This is carried away by insects ; and only then do the stigmatic 

 lobes open to receive what pollen may be brought to them. (See 

 my paper Pro. Lin. Soc, March, 1883.) So also in the genus 

 Wahlenbergia, I quote from my paper on that genus in Pro. Lin. 

 16 



^A.*^-**: ^V 



