654 THE CLOUDING OF WHITE WINE, 



identical in appearance and structure, while films showed the 

 same organism. 



When taken from the surface of the wine and examined in the 

 fresh and moist unstained condition, the organisms are seen to be 

 of two kinds. One is thin and retractile, the other broader and 

 non-refractile. The thinner cells are generally divided into two 

 and rarety three parts, while the broader cells appear homo- 

 geneous. The thinner cells are about - 7 fi broad and vary from 

 2 to 3 fi in length; the broader cells are from 0-8 to 1*0 p broad 

 and - 9 to 1/5 /x long. The parts of the thinner cells showed up 

 well with aqueous eosin, and when so stained appeared as spheres 

 within a common capsule. Little protuberances that suggested 

 buds appeared attached to the end of a few of the broader cells. 

 This would indicate that the organism is a yeast, although at 

 first sight the minute size makes it probable that it is a bacterium. 

 If it is a yeast, then the endocellular eosin-staining spheres are 

 probably spores. The appearances of the stained and balsam 

 mounted films, however, indicate that the organism is a bacterium. 

 Although little prominences could be occasionally seen on a few 

 cells in stained films, yet they were so few and of so doubtful a 

 nature that they could not be taken to prove the organism to be 

 a yeast. In one case a distinct bud appeared on a cell at the 

 margin of a colony grown upon a wine-gelatine film. When, 

 however, the film was hardened and stained the bud had not 

 taken up the stain and could not be seen. Furthermore, no other 

 bud-like appearances could be found. 



Films of the organisms prepared from the surface growth upon 

 wine and stained after fixation in the ordinary way with thionin- 

 blue exhibit cells that appear as rounded rods staining darker at 

 the ends than in the middle. The middle portion varies in its 

 capacity for fixing the stain and may be as deeply stained as the 

 poles, lightly stained or colourless. In the first case the organism 

 appears as a rod with rounded ends, in the second as a bipolar 

 staining bacterium, and in the third as a double coccus. The 

 cells when grown in wine vary from - 5:T0^ to 0-6:1 -5/* in 



