1903.] NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 675 



mountains; the northern and middle counties of New Jersey, and rarely 

 in Camden county, but not in the pine barrens. 



Habitat. — High dry woodland. 



Description. — Early flowering plant. Sherwood, Philadelphia, April 

 10,1903. No. 5,100 Herb. W. S. Flowers red-purple (near "aster- 

 purple" of Ridgway), white in the throat; but slightly veined; upper 

 petals rounded, not at all recurved; lateral petals bearded near the 

 base, as in affinis, but lower petal often nearly glabrous; width of 

 flowers 15-18 mm.; sepals lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, rather 

 obtuse; scapes 40-50 mm., glabrous. Leaves dark green, silvery- 

 pubescent above, glabrous and reddish beneath, and frequently pros- 

 trate on the ground; reniform orbicular or cordate, crenate, 20x25 

 mm.; petioles 30-40 mm., glabrous and reddish at base. Later speci- 

 mens, April 29, have leaves ovate-cordate, 25x35 mm., and bear 

 horizontal cleistogenes on peduncles 30 mm. long. 



Fruiting plant, Sherwood, June 17, 1903. No. 5,102, Herb., W. S. 

 Leaves round-cordate, 65x70 mm.; petioles 110 mm. long; fruiting 

 scapes 60 mm. These later leaves are usually erect, and not prostrate 

 like the earliest ones, and are sometimes slightly cucullate. 



This violet is at all times distinguished by the almost bristly, silvery- 

 pubescence on the upper surface of the leaves and by its dark reddish- 

 purple flowers. There would seem to be two separable forms confused 

 under the name villosa, as Prof. Greene tells me that the plant I have 

 described above is not true villosa, to which I had unhesitatingly 

 referred it, and states that he knows both plants well. The type of 

 villosa came from South Carolina, and if the form found there is dis- 

 tinct from the present plant, Walter's name unquestionably belongs to 

 it. Nuttall seems to have been the only writer to recognize two 

 forms of this type of violet, and he based his V. cordijoUa upon speci- 

 mens from "dry woods on the banks of the Schuylkill near Philadel- 

 phia." That his description applies to the above plant seems to me 

 beyond question, and I have, therefore, adopted it. 



An examination of Muhlenberg's herbarium shows that his V. 

 ciliata is either the above or true villosa. That his names as they 

 stand are mere nomina nuda is emphasized by the general assumption 

 that in this instance he had V. frmbriatida in mind ! 

 14. Viola palmata Linn. (PI. XXXIV, fig. i; PI. XXXIX, fig. i.) 

 Viola palmata Linnaeus, 1753, Sp. Plant., p. 933. 



Range. — So far detected only in Tinicum township, Delaware county, 

 and near Valley Forge, Pennsylvania. 



Habitat. — Drv, shaded localities. 



