^■g^:- PRIMEVAL MAN. • 667 



C, D, and E is ochreous gravel containing similar implements ; F, 

 whitish clay with whitish Palaeolithic implements; G, gravel with 

 lustrous- whitish Palaeolithic implements and flakes ; some of these 

 flakes have been replaced by me on to the cores from which they 

 were originally struck; I, same as G ; J, J, Palaeolithic floor on 

 Tertiary clay ; K, relaid Tertiary clay covering up the Palaeolithic 

 floor; L, M, N, heaps of flints brought by hand in Palaeolithic times 

 from the red clay-with-flints, or chalk-with-flints, and placed upon 

 the floor by the margin of the old lake for the purpose of flaking into 

 implements ; O, O, Palaeolithic floor with sharp-edged implements 

 and flakes ; P, Tertiary clay in situ. Small pieces of chalk sometimes 

 occur in the cavities of the larger flints, and similar pieces rarely 

 occur upon the floor. 



The whole Palaeolithic living place on Caddington hill was in 

 very remote times so gently covered with water hoMing Tertiary clay 

 in suspension that all the objects left on the floor in Palaeolithic times 

 may be found in position now, in fact, exactly as they were left by 

 our precursors of old. Flakes of all sizes occur in hundreds, nearly 

 all as keen-edged as knives. The actual places where the men and 

 women sat and worked may be fixed without doubt, as the flakes at 

 certain spots can be replaced on the blocks from which they were 

 originally struck, and even on the finished implements themselves. 

 I have conjoined more than five hundred of these flakes, fitting some 

 on tools and others on cores or other flakes ; but few flints of my 

 perhaps unique group-find resemble in colour the lustreless indigo- 

 black flints found and replaced by my friend Mr. F. C. J. Spurrell 

 at Crayford — my examples are white, or beautifully marbled and 

 blotted indigo and white, or like tortoise-shell in colour, and geneially 

 lustrous. 



It was remarkable to find artificially transported and piled up 

 flint blocks taken from the chalk or red clay-with-flints, but, perhaps, 

 still more remarkable to find, as I did, groups of the larger and better 

 flakes obviously carefully selected and placed in small heaps by 

 themselves. The flakes from these little piles had in some instances 

 been struck from the same block, as they were capable of being 

 replaced upon each other. 



It goes without saying that, in a position like the one here 

 described, the whole Palaeolithic stock-in-trade — slender enough as it 

 was — ^must be present on this living place. 



The replacement of the flakes will be better understood by 

 reference to the accompanying illustrations. Fig. 3 shows an edge 

 and side view, one-half the actual size, of a finished implement, 

 found at Caddington, and broken in two (probably by use) in 

 Palaeolithic times. The two pieces were found on the floor by me 

 about three feet apart, and the two pieces are in a slightly different 

 mineral condition. Fig. 4 is the reverse side of this conjoined imple- 

 ment, showing a large flake re-attached to one edge, a smaller flake 



