'^=- NEWS OF UNIVERSITIES, ETC. 715 



The movement for the Sunday opening of Museums still progresses in England. 

 The Town Council of Sunderland has just resolved to open the T'ublic Museum and 

 Art Gallery each Sunday afternoon from two until six o'clock, while the Reference 

 Library will be open from six until nine in the evening. It is estimated that the 

 additional expenditure incurred will not exceed /60 per annum. 



Professor James Geikie's Address to the Geographical Section of the British 

 Association at Edinburgh (1892) is printed in the Scottish Geo^iaphical Magazine for 

 September, and is accompanied by a Bathy-hypsometrical Map of the World, 

 coloured to show the surface-relief of the globe without water in the Ocean Basins. 



At the recent meeting of the American Association at Rochester, New York, a 

 resolution was passed in favour of the scheme for a series of International Scientific 

 Congresses to be held next year at the Chicago Exhibition. Committees were 

 appointed to co-operate with the local organisations in making arrangements, and it 

 is expected that reports of the proceedings will be published. 



A BRIEF report of the recent International Zoological Congress at Moscow is 

 contributed by Baron Jules de Guerne to the Revue Scientifiqiie of October 8. Count 

 Kapnist presided, and there were eleven general meetings, extending over a period 

 of nine days. The French naturalists were represented by Drs. Milne-Edwards, R. 

 Blanchard, and C. Schlumberger, with Baron de Guerne and a deputy for the Prince 

 of Monaco ; and among other foreign zoologists present were Professor Virchow and 

 Dr. H. Virchow, of Berlin, Dr. Brusina, of Agram, Dr. Th. Studer. of Berne, and Dr. 

 Jentink, of Ley den. Britain seems to have been unrepresented. Among the subjects 

 discussed were the Northern Asiatic fauna, the Black Sea and Baltic Sea faunas, the 

 classification of the variations of animals according to their causes, the arrangement of 

 the Animal Kingdom in phyla, the value of embryology in classification, the scientific 

 aspects of zoological gardens, and zoological nomenclature. The discussion of the 

 latter subject occupied two ordinary meetings, and was continued from the Paris 

 Congress. The Czar and Czarewitch contributed to the funds of the Congress, and 

 the Grand Duke Sergius \lexandrowitch, Governor of Moscow, personally attended 

 some of the assemblies. The next Congress will be held at Leyden in 1895, Dr. 

 Jentink being president-elect. 



The rules of zoological nomenclature adopted by the Moscow Congress are 

 also published in the same number of the Revue Scientifique. The more striking 

 articles are as follows : — 



1. The tenth edition of JJnnseus' Systema Nature (1758) to be recognised as the 

 basis of zoological nomenclature. 



2. The law of priority to be applicable to the names of families and higher 

 groups exactly as in the case of generic and specific names. 



3. The law of priority to prevail, and thus the oldest name to be retained even 

 when given to an identifiable fragment of an extinct animal or to the larva of a 

 living animal. 



4. A generic or specific name once published cannot be rejected, even by its 

 author, on account of inapplicability. 



5. Hybrid names not to be altered. 



6. Capital initials to be employed in all specific names derived from proper 

 names, and the original orthography to be preserved, even retaining accents. 



7. When a species is removed from one genus to another, the name of the 

 original author of the specific name to be placed in parentheses, thus : — Ponto delta 

 muricata (Linn). 



8. The name of a family to be changed when the name of the type-genus of the 

 family proves to be a synonym and disappears from nomenclature. 



9. Every genetic name preoccupied in the same kingdom (regne) to be rejected. 



