.8,3. NOTES AND COMMENTS. 733 



1886, has just been published (Cambridge : C. J. Clay & Sons, price 

 3s. 6d.). This Essay gives a very full account of the Oxford Clay, 

 the Corallian Rocks, and the Kimmeridge Clay of Cambridgeshire 

 and Huntingdonshire. The beds are compared also with their 

 equivalents in other parts of England and on the Continent. The 

 great value of this work results from the care with which the various 

 palaeontological horizons have been worked out, so that the lists of 

 fossils and other particulars will be of great service to workers in 

 Jurassic geology. 



Those of our readers who have from time to time read with 

 interest reports of the researches of Dr. F. A. Forel on the Lake of 

 Geneva — researches dealing not merely with the geographical details, 

 but with every problem of its physical history — will be interested to 

 hear that he has now collected and issued in book form the results of 

 his labours for upwards of fifty years. The book, of which volume I. 

 has quite recently been issued, is entitled " Lac Leman, Mono- 

 graphic Limnologique," a term which Dr. Forel explains to be 

 equivalent to oceanography, and which he has coined for use when 

 speaking of fresh-waters. The work is illustrated with numerous 

 charts and maps. Dr. Forel cannot believe that the basin of the 

 Lake of Geneva was excavated by the old Rhone glacier : he thinks 

 it is merely an ordinary valley affected by earth-movements. 



M. J. GiRARD, in the Revue de Geographie for October, concludes 

 his series of interesting papers, entitled " Etudes de geographie 

 littorale." In his first paper (August) he treated of " The Move- 

 ments of Sands," and showed the changes constantly taking place in 

 bays and harbours. He alludes to the effect of small island obstruc- 

 tions in shifting currents and thereby altering sandbanks. In his 

 second paper, " The Genesis of Deltas," the examples are drawn from 

 the Rhone, the Mississippi, and the Hoang-Ho, and two very interes- 

 ting plans are given of the Rhone delta. In the third and concluding 

 paper M. Girard deals with " Fjords and the Glacial Epoch," and 

 again illustrates his remarks with plans and pictures which are 

 pleasantly new to the reader, not the well-worn figures one is so 

 accustomed to see. 



In the Naturwissenschaftliche Wochenschrift for November 6, 

 Professor A. Nehring describes the fruit of an extinct plant found in 

 certain peaty deposits atKlinge, near Cottbus. This " sausage-shaped " 

 fruit he names Pavado.xocaypiis carinatus ; it will be of interest to 

 English botanists, for the same plant occurs in the Cromer Forest- 

 bed. The other plants found at Klinge are all, with the exception of 

 Cratopleura helvetica, common species living in Germany at the present 

 day. 



