BY DR. R. VON'LE^DENFELD. 135 



The classification is the following : — I. Calcispongice (according to 

 Grant — Lieberkiihn.) II. Ceraospongice (Spongina Lieberkiihn). 

 III. Gummince (without continuous skeleton and tough like india- 

 rubber, containing Nardo's Chondrosia). IV. Corticatcv (siliceous 

 sponges, possessing as the term implies, an outer layer different 

 from the interior of the sponge). V. Halichondrice (according to 

 Lieberkiihn), and VI. Halisarcina (according to Lieberkiihn). 



In the same year appeared Bowerbanks (65) preliminary report 

 on the Classification of the British Sponges, in which he adopts 

 Grant's Classification. He calls the three groups : Calcarea, 

 Silicea and Keratosa. 



In 1864 appeared the first volume of Bowerbank's " Monograph 

 of the British Sponges." (66). 



The skeletons of many sponges are carefully described and many 

 spicules are figured. He uses the classification published by him 

 in the preliminary report mentioned above. The usefulness of 

 this work is greatly impeded by the authors extraordinary 

 neglect of other papers on the same subject. Several of the most 

 important works on sponges, published shortly before, he does not 

 appear even to have read. 



Duchassing and Michelotti (67) described a number of new 

 sponges from the Carribean Sea. Unfortunately they noticed neither 

 the works of Bowerbank nor those of O. Schmidt, so that many of 

 their species are identical with sponges described before. 



Fritz Miiller (68) discovered in 1865 an extraordinary sponge 

 in South America, which possesses horay star shaped spicules. 

 One of the species described by myself (69) from Australia 



(65). T. Bowerbank On the A natomy and Physioloqy of the Spongidce. 

 Trans Phil. Soc , 1862. Vol. 152, p. 10, 87- 



(66.) J. Bowerbank. A Alonoqraph of the British Spongidce. Ray Soc, 

 London, 1864. 



(67). Duchassing et Michelotti. Spongiaires de la mer C'araibe. Natur- 

 kundige Verhandlungen Maatschaappij Haarlam. XXI., 2 (1S64), p. 7. 



( 68). F. Miiller. Ueher Darwinella aurea. Archiv. fiir mikroskopische 

 Anatomie Band, I. Seite, 344. 



(69). R. von Lendenfeld. Ueber Coelentenden des Sihlsee II. Neue 

 Aplysinidse. Zeitschrift f. wiss. Zool. Band. XXXVIII. Seite, 234. 



