138 A MONOGRAPH OF THE AUSTRALIAN SPONGES, 



Several smaller papers on new sponges, mostly English, were 

 published at that time. 



Bowerbank (80) and Claus (81) studied the Hexactinellid 

 sponges, and particularly by the latter monograph of Euplectella 

 aspergillum gives a correct and complete account of the skeleton. 



Loven (82) and others also worked on the same subject. As 

 there are hardly any Hexactinellid (one) sponges on the shores of 

 Australia, it is not worth while for us to enter into the history of 

 their study more minutely. 



The works of Haeckel (l.c.) created, after they had been trans- 

 lated into English, (83) I may say, a storm of indignation in 

 England, and particularly in America, and a whole host of writers 

 took up their pens to prove that Haeckel's and Miklouho-Maclay's 

 views on the Ccelenterate-Nature of sponges were incorrect and 

 ridiculous. Only Ray Lancaster (84) agreed with Haeckel. 



Carter (85) and Kent (86; were foremost in the combat. 



Also in Germany some opponents were found. Ehlers, (87) for 

 instance, was not inclined to agree with Haeckel. 



Ehlers (88) re-described the sponges which were studied by 

 Esper. 



In his most important work Grundziige einer Spongienfauna 

 des Atlautischen Gebietes, O. Schmidt (89) publishes the results 



(80;. J. Bowerbank. Hyalonema mirabile. Proc. Zool. Soc , 1867, 

 p. IS, 350. 



(81). C Claus. Ueber Euplectella aspergillum. Marburg unci Leipzig, 1868. 



(82). S. Lov6n Om en marklig i Nordijon lefvande Art of Spongia. 

 Oefversight of Vetensk. Akad. forhoncllgr XXV,. p. 105. 



(83) E. Haeckel. On the systematic position of sponges. Ann. Mag., 

 Vol. V , 1, 107. 



(84.) Ray Lancaster. On the affinity of sponges. Ann. Mag., Vol. VI., 

 p. SO. 



(85). H.Carter. On the ultimate structure of marine sponges. Ann. Mag., 

 Vol VI., p. 329. 



(86). S. Kent. Haeckel on the relationship of the sponges to the corals. 

 Ann. Mag., Vol. V., p. 204. 



(87). E. Ehlers. Ueber Aulorhipis elegans, Z.f.w.Z., Vol. XXL, p. 540. 



(88). E Ehlers. Die Esperschen Spongien. Programme Erlangen, 1870. 



(89). O. Schmidt. Gfrundziige einer Spongienfauna des Atlantischen 

 Gebietes. Leipzig., 1870. 



