384 NOTES AND EXHIBITS. 



They are deposits of stream tin only. I saw no tin veins of 

 any kind and believe that the rich formations have all been 

 derived from the slow weathering of granite in which fine 

 crystals of tin have been disseminated. The river Kiuta has its 

 sources in the central granitic axis which here rises in magnifi- 

 cent mountains 8,000 or 9,000 feet high. The most of this part 

 of the I'ange is fronted by a lower range of crystalline limestone 

 weathered into fantastic shapes and generally in some parts 

 precipitous. These latter portions form cliffs of blue, green, red 

 and yellow, which are very picturesque, especially as the rest of 

 the hills like the mountains hereabouts are densely clothed with 

 jungle forests. The tin deposits are very rich and will supply 

 large mining resources for ages to come. The slow weathering of 

 the granite has spread the alluvial to a wide distance from the 

 mountains. As yet only the heads of the valleys have been worked 

 and this only to a small extent. 



" After leaving Goping I returned down the River Kiuta as far as 

 the Kampar River which I ascended as far as it is navigable for a 

 shallow boat. I stayed at the mouth of a small stream named the 

 Diepang and made a short elephant journey to the Limestone 

 Mountains. Here I found Chinese and Malays working tin drift 

 out of Limestone Caves. These Caves are many hundred feet 

 above the present level of the plains. The alluvial is somewhat 

 different from most of the mines but I do not doubt that it has been 

 derived from the granite. Siuce its deposition the plains of lime- 

 stone have been worn away by weathering hundreds of feet. The 

 limestone is crystalline and as far as examined quite destitute of 

 fossils. It is stratified in places, yet even then when cut into thin 

 plates it fails to show any organisms under the microscope. It lies 

 upon a ferruginous paleozoic rock (Cambrian T) — which is much 

 contorted and occasionally metamorphosed into gneiss. The lime- 

 stone crops out in the beds of most of the rivers. At Possin the 

 sections in the plains show sharp pinnacles of marble, amid which 

 granite detritus and tin sand are preserved in the depressions. 



"From Kuala Diepang I returned to Telok Anson on the Perak, 

 where the Government sent a small steamer to assist me in some 



