1180 GEOLOGY AND PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY OF THE STATE OF PERAK, 



south direction, but sending off spurs, north-east from the eastern 

 side, and south-west from the western. As in all these groups of 

 mountains the spurs on the eastern side are not numerous. The 

 group is entirely granitic but on its lower slopes has extensive 

 deposits of limestone. This belongs to the formation already 

 referred to. Above and below the limestone strata drift tin is 

 woiked ; below, that is to say, the horizon of the limestone. I am 

 not aware of any instance where the calcareous strata have been 

 bored through. 



For about 25 miles this range separates the valley of the Perak 

 River from that of the Kinta, which flows on its western base. 

 The highest peaks rise to about 3750 feet above the sea and give 

 rise to small streams which all flow into the Perak. There is a 

 remarkable uniformity in three or four of the highest summits 

 which are about the centre of the chain. They are all within a 

 few feet of the same height. From these mountains the range 

 falls away gradually to the south. It sends off two considerable 

 spurs to the south-west. Where it ceases the River Kinta joins 

 the Perak. 



Kinta Valley. 



The valley of the Kinta River is about as wide as that of the 

 Perak. Both rivers flow on the eastern sides of their respective 

 valleys. The eastern tributaries are many and important. On 

 the sides, limestone, granite, and schistose slates crop out. To the 

 eastwai'd there are many detached hills of limestone, fronting the 

 main central chain. They form very characteristic features in the 

 landscape from their precipitous outline and brilliantly coloured 

 escarpments of blue, green and bright red rock. They are also dis- 

 tinguished by a different vegetation. 



Perak Valley. 



The valley of the Perak River is bounded on the west by the 

 groups of mountains already described. I have previously observed 

 that the stream flows on the eastern side of the valley. This 

 is owing to the many spurs and outliers on the eastern slopes 

 of Mount Bubu and the Ijau Ranges. It would seem as if there 



