1188 GEOLOGY AND PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY OF THE STATE OP PERAK. 



but on being treated with acids they manifest organisms, such as 

 Stenophora, Favosites and fragments uf Brachiopoda. Here I could 

 discover nothing of the kind. Sections showed the usual striated 

 crystalline structure of calcite but no trace of any fossil. I cannot 

 conceive that such large masses of limestone should be entirely 

 destitute of organic tissue of some kind and I am not without hopes 

 that under favourable circumstanees thev will yet be found. 



I lock upon the limestone formation as probably younger than 

 the paleozoic clays but I have seen no section which establishes this 

 beyond question. Apparently the limestone lies directly on the 

 granite and so do the paleozoic clays. But the limestones are on a 

 higher level and show generally a slighter dip. Looking at the 

 physical geography of the river valleys, whichinsectionshow granite, 

 paleozoic clays and schists, and then more towards the centre lime- 

 stone ranges, the inference is that the limestones lie above the clays. 

 Lithological character may also be appealed to. There is very little 

 difference between the Silurian rocks all over the world and even 

 such local characters as the Oolitic of Europe possesses are found to 

 have perfect representatives in the Oolitic of Australia. According 

 to this the limestone may be estimated as Devonian or Lower 

 Carboniferous. 



8. Alluvium of the Kinta Valley. — This overlies the limestone 

 but not to such an extent as to prevent outcrops. There are also 

 outcrops of granite and in one place a small patch of highly 

 inclined schists and slates. In a journey I made up the Ivampar 

 River, which is a tributary of the Kinta, and flows by the side of a 

 small elevation or table land of limestone and granite, 1 noticed the 

 same sections but more limestone rock. The whole of the alluvium 

 of these rivers, inasmuch as it is derived from the junction of the 

 granite with the two other formations, I regard as probably rich in 

 stream tin. The Malays have tested it to a trifling extent and 

 always with success. 



9. Limestone Range. — This forms a series of irregular hills 

 lying like a rampart at a short distance from the main central 

 range. Its appearance from any elevation to the westward is 

 very peculiar. It forms a series of detached almost conical hills 



