Notes on some Bushman Crania ami Bones. 



241 



Hottentots. 



Dimension. 



Male. 



Average. 



Maximum length 183-21 



Maximum breadth 



Basi-bregmatic height.. 

 Bi-zygomatic breadth .. 

 Naso-alveohxr height ., 



Nasal height 



Nasal breadth 



Basi-misal length , 



Basi-alveolar 



133-47 

 130-63 

 125-76 

 65-50 

 46-22 

 26-33 

 98-32 

 99-58 



No. 



19 

 19 



19 

 17 

 18 

 18 

 18 

 19 

 19 



Standard 

 Deviation. 



3-47 

 4-31 

 5-10 

 5-57 

 1-26 

 3-91 

 2-62 

 4-14 

 5-50 



Female. 



Average. 



177-45 



132-18 



126-45 



118-57 



61-30 



43-00 



25-25 



95-36 



95-36 



No. 



11 

 11 

 11 



7 

 10 

 11 



8 

 11 

 11 



Standard 

 Deviation. 



4-14 

 4-78 

 4-54 

 7-29 

 1-06 

 3-04 

 2-22 

 4-77 

 4-60 



The value of the difference between any two averages may be 



estimated by the proportion this bears to /"^^ [. — • 



The Strandlooper males and females could not be contrasted 

 owing to the small number of the latter. In comparing Bushman 

 males (other than Strandlooper) with Bushman females, random 

 sampling was rarely excluded, w^hereas in comparing Hottentot 

 males and females sexual differences can be regarded as practical 

 certainties. When male Strandloopers are compared with male 

 Bushmen in only one dimension, the breadth of the head itself, 

 the difference seems to exclude the probability of random sampling. 

 When they are contrasted with the Hottentots in four dimensions — 

 the breadth of the head, the height of the head, and the basi-nasal 

 and basi-alveolar lengths — the differences are such that random 

 sampling would appear to be absolutely excluded. It may, however, 

 be concluded that the Strandloopers and Hottentots are distinctly 

 different, but that no such difference is proven between them and 

 the Bushmen. In comparing female crania, owing to the small 

 number of examples available for any of these groups, no differences 

 which could not be simply explained by chance are found 

 between either Bushmen, Strandloopers, or Hottentots. In the 

 following table the proportion of the differences between the averages 

 of the value of the above-mentioned formula is given, contrasting 

 not only Strandloopers, Bushmen, and Hottentots, but also the 

 latter with Kaffirs, the natives of British Central Africa, and a 

 collection of skulls derived from tribes in the northern part of 

 German territory in South-West Africa^ described by Dr. Widen- 



