Notes oil some Bushman Crania and Bones. 231 



crania form part of the bridge as well as of the side walls of the 

 nose. The nasal bones are flattened from side to side and from 

 above downwards are set at a very wide angle to one another, so 

 that they do not contribute to the prominence of the bridge of the 

 nose. The side walls of the broad apertura pyriformis round off 

 into the floor, -and this into the anterior surface of the maxilla. The 

 nasal spine is inconspicuous, the upper jaw broad and slight with 

 very distinct incisor and canine fossas. 



In norma basilaris it may be noticed that the palate is parabolic, 

 the teeth large and healthy but usually much ground down, incisors 

 and molars alike. The bony processes are all slender and the 

 glenoid fossa shallow. 



MEASUREMENTS. 



The following measurements have been taken in every skull 

 sufficiently complete and recorded in millimetres in the tables 

 appended : — 



Maximum glabeUo-occipital length, from the glabella, or most 

 prominent point of the frontal bone in the median line on or between 

 the supra-orbital ridges, to the most distant point of the occiput in 

 the median sagittal plane. This dimension is ascertained with the 

 callipers, the fixed point of which is applied to the glabella and kept 

 there with a finger while the movable end explores the occiput. 

 Especial care must be taken that the fixed point has not moved from 

 the glabella, and that the callipers have not been deflected from the 

 median sagittal line during the process of measurement. 



Maximum breadth, taken with the calhpers, which explore the 

 skull until the maximum diameter above the level of the auditory 

 meatus is ascertained. The callipers may be held either vertically 

 or horizontally so long as care is taken to keep the points in the 

 vertical and horizontal planes, that is, exactly opposite one another. 



Basi-hregmatic height. To take this dimension one point of the 

 callipers is placed on the basion, or mid-point of the anterior margin 

 of the foramen magnum, and the other on the bregma, or point of 

 junction of the coronal and sagittal sutures. 



Bi-maxillary breadth, taken with the callipers between the most 

 distant points, in the same plane, of the anterior surfaces of the two 

 maxillae. 



Bi-zygomatic breadth, or greatest diameter between the zygomatic 

 arches. 



Naso-alveolar height, taken with the callipers between the nasion, 



