232 Annals of the Soiith African Miiscwu. 



or point where the inter-nasal meets the fronto-nasal suture, to the 

 alveolar point, or most prominent point on the alveolar margin 

 between the two upper median incisor teeth. 



Orbital height, the maximum vertical distance between the sviperior 

 and inferior margins of the orbit. 



Orbital breadth, measured with callipers from the lacrymal point or 

 dacryon, the point of junction of the frontal, maxillary, and lacrymal 

 bones, in such a manner as to be at right angles to the previous 

 diameter. It is usually well to define the orbital margin with a 

 pencil before carrying out this measurement. 



Bi-dacryc breadth, or distance between the two lacrymal points. 



Nasal height, taken from the nasion to the nasal spine. 



Nasal breadth, the maximum transverse diameter measured 

 horizontally between the margins of the apertura pyriformis. 



Internal bi-orbital breadth, taken from a depression just above the 

 middle of the outer margin of one orbit to the corresponding point 

 on the outer margin of the other orbit. 



Basi-nasal length, the diameter between the basion and the 

 nasion. 



Basi-alveolar length, the diameter between the basion and the 

 alveolar point. 



Dental length, the distance between the centre of the anterior 

 border of the incisor surface of the first pre-molar tooth and the 

 centre of the posterior border of the third molar. 



Naso-malar curve, the measurement taken with the tape over 

 the nose between the same points as the internal bi-orbital 

 breadth. 



Frontal, parietal, and occipital curves. The lengths taken with 

 the tape of the respective portions of the median sagittal curve from 

 the nasion to the mid-point of the posterior border of the foramen 

 magnum. Care is necessary to keep the tape in the median sagittal 

 plane while reading off the measurements. 



Cranial Capacity. This is ascertained by poui'ing No. 8 shot or 

 millet seed into the cranium, the foramina of which have been 

 plugged with cotton-wool, shaking gently the while until the cavity 

 is completely filled. The contents are then poured into a glass 

 measure which is shaken in a similar manner to the skull, and the 

 capacity can then be at once read off. When shot are employed as 

 the cubing medium it is usual to apply gentle pressure with a rammer 

 in the course of filling both the skull and the measure. This is 

 disadvantageous when a delicate skull is being measured on account 

 of the risk of starting some of the sutures, which is avoided by the 



