234 



Annals of the South African Museum. 



Indices. 



The following are the most usually taken indices and the 

 nomenclature adopted in classifying crania by their use : — 



Name of Index. 



Cephalic. 



Nature of Index. 

 Maximum breadth x 100 

 Glabello-occipital length 



Altitudinal. Basi-bregmati c hei ght x 100 

 Glabello-occipital length 



Classification. 

 (Below 75 

 - 75-80 

 ( Above 80 



( Below 72 

 \ 72-75 

 Above 75 



Breadth-height Basi-bregmatic height x 100 f^2^ig^ ^^ 

 or Vertical. Maximum breadth 1 Above 98 



Alveolar. 



Upper Facial 

 of Kollman. 



Nasal. 



Orbital. 



Nasomalar. 



Dental. 



Cranial capa- 

 city. 



Basi-alveolar length x 100 

 Basi-nasal length 



Naso-alveolar height x 100 

 Bi-zygomatic breadth 



Nasal breadth x 100 

 Nasal height 



Orbital hei ght x 100 

 Orbital breadth 



Nasomalar curve x 100 

 Internal bi-orbital breadth 



Dental length x 100 

 Basi-nasal length 



However measured. 



(Below 98 



- 98-103 

 (Above 103 



Below 50 

 Above 50 



I Below 48 

 •(48-52 

 I Above 52 



(Below 84 



- 84-89 



( Above 89 



(Below 107-5 

 -' 107-5-110 

 (Above 110 



(Below 42 



- 42-44 



( Above 44 



Nomenclature. 

 Dolichocephalic. 

 Mesaticeplialic. 

 Brachycephalic 



ChamjEcephalic* 



Orthocephalic. 



Hypsicephalic. 



Tapeinocephalic. * 



Metriocephalic. 



Akrocephalic. 



Orthognathous. 



Mesognathous. 



Prognathous. 



Chamseprosopic. 

 Leptoprosopic. 



Leptorhine. 

 ]Mesorhiiie. 

 Platyrhine. 



Microseme. 

 Mesoseme. 

 Megaseme. 



Platyopic. 



Mesopic. 



Prosopic. 



Microdont. 

 Mesodont. 

 Megadont. 



' Below l,350cc. Microcephalic. 

 1, 350-1, 450cc. Mesocephalic. 

 ^ Above l,450cc. Megacephalic. 



The method of classifying the indices derived from any series of 

 skulls and expressing the percentage frequency in each group is in 

 reality a variety of seriation. The great drawback to this is that the 

 groups are of uneven size. Until quite recently, however, it was the 

 most usual custom, and serves to show many characteristic features. 

 The following tables show the percentage distribution of the indices 



* Some authors use the terminology of the vertical index for that of the 

 altitudinal index, adopting the divisions used in the latter, which they altogether 

 omit. 



