254 Annals of the South African Museum. 



Two of them were from Humansdorp — a larger, probably a male, 

 and a smaller, probably a female. These, referred to as Humans- 

 dorp 1 and 2, are in the South African Museum, Cape Town. Of 

 the remainder, from caves in the Knysna district, Nos. 7 and 8 

 are probably males, though, as the pelvic bones are lacking, this 

 description of sex is only tentative. No. 34 is a male. Some 

 odd bones, appearing to have belonged to a female, are referred 

 to as South African 1. All these are from the South African 

 Museum. 



In addition the osteologieal collection at the Anatomical Museum 

 of the University of Cambridge possesses two nearly complete skele- 

 tons, Nos. 3731 and 3732, and some odd bones, referred to as CI, 

 C2, and C3 respectively. Nos. 3732 and CI were female, 3731, C2, 

 and C3 male. All these are from caves in the Knysna district. 



With the exception of No. 34 in the South African Museum the 

 skeletons had not been mounted, owing to the lack of certain bones, 

 so that the stature could not be directly ascertained. For purposes 

 of comparison illustrative examples of other races have been taken 

 from Turner, "Report on the Human Skeletons," Challenger Reports, 

 and Duckworth, " Morphology and Anthropology." 



The available measurements will be considered seriatim. 



LUMBAR VERTEBRA. 



These are usually studied by measuring the heights of the centra 

 of the vertebrae, from the mid-point of the superior margin to the 

 mid-point of the inferior margin of the anterior and posterior sui-faces 

 respectively. From these an index is constructed which serves to 

 show the degree of curvature of the spine. When the index is over 

 100 the posterior height is the greater and the spine has an anterior 

 concavity, when it is below 100 the anterior height is greater and 

 the spine is convex anteriorly. It must, however, be remembered 

 that in life the intervertebral discs modify and may entirely reverse 

 the direction of the curve shown by the bony centra. These discs 

 are very large in the Bushman, and provide for a greater mobility of 

 the lumbar region of the spinal column. 



The posterior height of the centrum x 100 

 ~The anterior height of centrum, or for the whole lumbar spine 



The sum of the posterior heights of the centra x 100 

 The sum of the anterior heights of the centra 



