Notes on some BusIdiuiii Crania and Bones. 



247 



the yellow type as more probably representing the pure-blood Pigmy, 

 and the black type as due to intermixture with bigger Negro races. 

 The differences seem to be individual rather than tribal, which would 

 suggest that the race mingling was extensive. In distinction from 

 the colour Johnston shows that while the black Pigmy sometimes 

 presents the considerable prominence and development of the 

 buttocks — a feature greatly exaggerated in the Bushmen — the yellow 

 Pigmy has these but poorly developed. The Negro tribes surround- 

 ing the great forest present similar prognathism. The tribes of the 

 border zone are intermediate in physical proportion between the 

 Pigmies and the taller Negroes. 



As it has been suggested by Thomson and Maclver that the 

 alveolar index was a doubtful test of prognathism, the various 

 groups were also compared by testing the direct sub-nasal projection 

 of the upper jaw. The basi-nasal, basi -alveolar, and naso-alveolar 

 measurements bemg known, the dimensions of each skull were 

 plotted out on paper, the basi-nasal line being set at a constant 

 angle of 27° to the horizontal, as recommended by the authors just 

 quoted. 



Perpendiculars were then dropped from the nasion and the 

 alveolar point to the horizontal base line on which the position 

 of the basion had been marked, and the distance of these perpen- 

 diculars measured from that point. The following are the average 

 results : — 



This table shows several very interesting features. The Strand- 

 loopers appear much more orthognathous than the Bushmen or 

 Hottentots, and present the same relative, though not actual, pro- 



