192 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF [1885. 



In the moose, on the other hand, the anterior division shows a 

 broad basal palm, which sends up a number of long, sharp and 

 rounded tines, all arising at about the same level (fig. fi, A), 

 though adjacent ones may be more or less connected by palma- 

 tion. 



The posterior division of the antler also diners markedly from 

 that of the moose in being much smaller and much less palmated. 

 The size of the palm in its greatest diameter being 9 b} T 8 inches, 

 while in one specimen of the American moose at Princeton these 

 dimensions are 28 by 17 inches. In the latter animal the tines 

 of this division of the antler are, with the exception of the first 

 mere finger-like processes from the top of the palm (fig. 6). In 

 Gervalces, as in the European elk, and some specimens of the 

 American moose, the tines are very much longer, though the- palm 

 in the European variet}^ is still much greater than in the fossil. 

 Owing to the height at which division into the anterior and pos- 

 terior branches of the antlers takes place in Gervalces, the first 

 tine of the hinder branch is very much shorter than in the moose 

 (Gervalces 13^ inches, Alces 21 inches). 



The pi-oportionate number of tines in the two divisions is also 

 different in the living and extinct species. In one American 

 moose I find the numbers to be : right antler, anterior 3, posterior 

 8 ; left, ant. 4, post. 8. Another specimen gives : ant. 2, post. 5 ; 

 in a third specimen, ant. 4, post. 8. A European specimen gives 

 ant. 4, post. 1 ; another is ant. 3, post. 6. In the fossil, on the 

 other hand, we have on the right side, ant. 5, post. 5; left side, 

 ant. 4, post. 4; showing a different method of growth in Gervalces 

 from that observed in any known species of Alces. 



The feature, however, which differentiates the antler of Gervalces 

 from that of all other known Cervidse remains to be described. 

 Where the upper edge of the beam rises to form the palmated por- 

 tion of the antlers, the lower edge expands into an immense con- 

 cave process, which is presented outwards like the mouth of a 

 trumpet, and which ends both anteriorly and posteriorly in a round, 

 pointed tine, the latter being long, the former quite short (fig. 5, 

 P. T. and Bz.). The posterior tine is directed obliquely outwards 

 and backwards, s<> that the distance between those of the two 

 antlers exceeds five feet. On the left side there is a rudimentary 

 tine or snag at the base of the long posterior tine, on the right 



