152 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OP [1885. 



a differential character the form of the head are thus easily led 

 into error. The real differences which exist between surmuletus 

 and barbatus, besides that of coloration, are the following: In 

 M. surmuletus, the diameter of the eye is much smaller, and the 

 barbels are more robust and longer, reaching beyond the lower 

 angle of the opercle (in barbatus they scarcely reach this point), 

 and the body is notably deeper. To these characters may be 

 added the greater adherence of the scales in surmuletus, while in 

 barbatus these are readily deciduous, and only in extraordinary 

 cases is a specimen found possessing a single scale. In every 

 market on the coast of the Mediterranean the fishermen distin- 

 guish between the two species by different names, according to 

 their coloration, relative length of barbels and the place where 

 they live by preference ; inasmuch as surmuletus is found most 

 readily in rocky places (and hence the common name ' Triglia 

 di Scoglia'), and barbatus is found in muddy places (and hence 

 the common name ' Triglia di Fango '). " 



2. UPENEUS. 



Upeneus Cuvier, Rc-gnc Animal, ed. 2, 1829 (vittatus; rutsellij lifasciatux; trifas- 



ciatun). 

 Hypeneus Agassiz, Noni. Zool., Index Universalis, 184G, 190 (amended orthography). 

 Mulloides Bleeker, "Ceram II, 097, 1852-G5 {flavolineatiu)." 

 Pseudupeneus Bleaker, Poiss. Cote de Guint'e, 18G2, 56 ( prayettsis). 

 Parupeneus 15leeker, Notice sur le Parupeneua bifaaciatUB de l'lle de la Reunion, 



1867, 345 (bifaeciatua). 

 Mullhypeneus Poey, Syn., 1868, 307 [maculattu). 



We include under the head of Upeneus all the Mullidse having 

 teeth on both jaws and none on the vomer. The variations in 

 the size and number of the teeth seem to us of minor importance. 



Analysis of Species of Upeneus. 



a. Teeth on under jaw uniserial, on upper jaw uniserial or occa- 

 sionally irregularly biserial with the outer teeth turned 

 outward ; nil the teeth coarse and distinct; maxillary 2f in 

 head, not reaching vertical from front of eye by one-half of 

 its length; barbels extending to a point half-way between 

 the vertical of preopercle and extremity of opercular spine, 

 1£ in length of head ; eye 4 in head ; scales in lateral line 



