1885.] NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 163 



and kames of its retreat. If the distinction between osars and 

 kames be sustained, the deposits described in the present paper 

 might more properly be called " marginal osars." In many 

 characters, however, they are intermediate between osars and 

 kames as defined by Professor Chamberlin. 



Kames are shown by the same authority to be composed of 

 material derived from the adjacent till, and of loeal derivation, 

 and from a study of their topographical situations and other 

 features, the just conclusion is drawn 1 "that these hills could 

 not have been produced by any form of beach action, whether 

 assisted by ice or not," but that " they were formed along the 

 edge of the ice-sheet by numerous marginal streams." 



Prof. Chamberlin makes these kames "associates if not con- 

 stituents of terminal moraines ; " and classes them among moraine 

 deposits. He says, 2 " It is my belief that they were due to 

 special aqueous action attending glacial advances in such close 

 relationship that they become distinctive incidental products, 

 and mark the position of halt and retreat, as characteristically 

 as the true moraines of mechanical origin themselves, which they 

 so often overlie and conceal." 



He therefore regards certain stratified knob-like hills of gravel 

 in western and central New York State as representing a true 

 terminal moraine of the second glacial epoch, and he has traced 

 such a kame-moraine from Chautauqua Lake to the Mohawk and 

 Catskills. These lines of hills he regards as representing the 

 boundary of the great ice sheet at the period of its longest halt. 

 He says that this inner morainic belt is " more massive and 

 pronounced in development than the moraine referred to the older 

 epoch," 3 and "that its surface is fresher and less subdued by 

 meteoric modification." 



Granting that the line of kames so carefully traced out by 

 Professor Chamberlin is correctly interpreted as representing a 

 halt in the retreating ice-sheet, the present writer holds that, on 

 account of their stratified character, such gravel deposits should 

 not be identified with the unstratified masses of glacier-made till 

 which constitute the true terminal moraine. The one is due to 



1 Loc. cit., p. 387. 



2 Third An. Rep. U. S. Geol. Surv., p. 376. 



3 Loc. cit., p. 340. 



