164 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF [1885. 



water action, the other to ice action. The term lame-moraine is, 

 in the opinion of the writer, a more appropriate name for such 

 deposits than terminal mox-aine, which latter term would then be 

 kept to designate the extreme outer mass of debris pushed out 

 or dropped by the glacier at the time of its farthest extension. 



That kames may be associated with the terminal moraine, is a 

 fact which the writer will endeavor still further to demonstrate. 

 But that they are distinct from it in structure, origin, and signifi- 

 cance, will, it is believed, be granted after a careful consideration 

 of the facts observed in Pennsylvania. 



Marginal Kames in Pennsylvania. — That the terminal moraine 

 separating the glaciated from the non-glaciated district has, 

 throughout the greater part of its course in Pennsylvania (Plate 

 III), an essentially unstratified character, has been sufficiently 

 demonstrated in the author's report describing it. 1 



It has been shown that even where crossing river-valleys its 

 unstratified condition is maintained; as, for example, opposite 

 Belvidere in the Delaware, and at Beach Haven on the Susque- 

 hanna, at both of which places it is clearly distinguished from 

 the stratified material lapping up against it. But immediately 

 back of the moraine there occur in many places other stratified 

 deposits, which, although similar in contour to the moraine 

 proper, are worthy of separate consideration. 



The class of kames which it is now proposed to describe, have, 

 the writer believes, not heretofore been recognized in their true 

 significance. These are either directly connected and continuous 

 with the terminal moraine in Pennsylvania, or they are in such 

 close proximity to it that they may properly be known as 

 marginal kames. This term is given in order to distinguish 

 them from longer kames or osars which may have no relation to 

 the margin of the ice-sheet. None of them are transverse to the 

 motion of the glacier, like a moraine, unless the drainage makes 

 them so, and in this respect they do not answer to the definition 

 of a kame given by Prof. Chamberlin, but have distinct characters 

 of their own. They are all short, from a few hundred feet to a 

 few miles in length, and they all follow the direction of the 

 drainage. They have a general downward slope, and all lead 

 toward a river-valley or other water-course. All those observed 

 are made of water-worn materials, and where sections can be 



1 Report Z, Second Geological Survey of Penna. 



