300 PROCEEDINGS OP THE ACADEMY OF [1885. 



Stellerites. These, however, differ essentially in their mode of 

 development, which can hardl}' be claimed for the Anthodiata 

 and Crinoidea. We can only say of them that, as a rule, in the 

 former the organs generally were contained within the catyx, 

 whereas in the Crinoidea the generative and respiratory apparatus 

 is almost entirely confined to the arms, and probably neither 

 Blastoids nor Cystids had appendages united by paired muscular 

 bundles. The Pakeocrinoidea form parallel groups with the 

 Blastoidea, both being descendants of the Cystidea ; while the 

 relations of Palseocrinoidea and Neocrinoidea are similar to those 

 of Palseocrinoidea and C}'stidea, and Cystidea and Blastoidea; 

 but the Neocrinoidea, although they are of later descent, are 

 equally well defined. In making these four groups orders of the 

 Anthodiata and Crinoidea respectively, we place at the head of 

 the list the Cystidea, as being the typical form, the Blastoidea 

 next, and at the opposite end the Palseocrinoidea and Neocrinoidea. 



In correspondence with Dr. Carpenter he has admitted that 

 his classification tends to give an expression of well-marked 

 differences between Crinoids, Cystids and Blastoids, which, as 

 he stated on p. 191 of his Report, do not exist between the two 

 latter, and we are authorized to state that he concurs with us in 

 re-establishing Burmeister's Anthodiata and Brachiata, as we 

 have practically done, the former to include as " orders " the 

 C} r stidea and Blastoidea, the latter the Palasocrinoidea and Neo- 

 crinoidea. We believe, therefore, that there is very little differ- 

 ence between us on this point. 



Various other classifications have been proposed by different 

 writers, for which we refer to the Challenger Report, pp. 186-196. 

 The following classification will be adopted by us, viz. : — 



Phylum, ECIIINODERMATA. 



Class, Pelmatozoa. 



Subclass I, Anthodiata. Subclass II, Crinoidea {Brachiata). 



Order 1, Cystidea, etc Order 3, Palseocrinoidea. 



Order 2, Blastoidea. Order 4, Neocrinoidea. 



Class, Pelmatozoa. 



Definition} — Echinoderms which are fixed either permanent^ 



1 This and tin bucci ediDg definition is taken from Carpenter (Chall. Rep., 

 pp. 186), with a Blight alteration in the first one which is indicated by 

 italics. 



