152 NATURAL SCIENCE. Feb.. 



orders in two "circular" groups, a mandibulate and a haustellate 

 group of five each, in accordance with the theory of Macleay that 

 all animal orders should fall into such an arrangement. Westwood 

 was, however, careful to state that he did not regard the Macleayan 

 scheme as final, but considered it as a step towards a truly natural 

 arrangement ; he did not adopt it in dividing the orders into tribes or 

 families. The Modern Classification was illustrated by careful figures 

 of the distinctive parts of representative insects of each family or 

 important genus, and is specially valuable in containing figures of 

 larvae, for which the student looks in vain in most recent systematic 

 works on single orders, except tliose on the Lepidoptera and 

 Hymenoptera. 



In 1 84 1 appeared the British Butterflies, to which work Westwood 

 contributed the descriptions and Humphreys the plates. A similar 

 association of the two authors produced British Moths, in two volumes, 

 in 1843-5. In the latter year appeared also West wood's Arcana 

 Entomologica, in two volumes, containing descriptions and exquisite 

 illustrations, by himself, of new and rare insects ; the Cabinet of 

 Oriental Entomology, also remarkable for the beauty of its plates, 

 appeared in 1848. West wood's next great work was the Genera of 

 Diurnal Lepidoptera, in which he was associated with Doubleday and 

 Hewitson ; the latter was responsible for the illustrations to both 

 volumes, Doubleday wrote the first, and Westwood the second, which 

 was published in 1850-2, and comprised part of the Nymphalidae, 

 the Brassolidae, Satyridae, Libythaeidae, Erycinidae, Lycaenidae, and 

 Hesperidae. This monograph was a sterling contribution to the 

 classification of butterflies, and reduced to order the chaotic assem- 

 blies of species of earlier writers. About this time, Westwood drew 

 the illustrations for W^alker's unhappy work on the British Diptera. 

 The Royal Society bestowed on him a Royal Medal in 1855. In 

 1859 appeared his Catalogue of Phasmidcr in the British Museum, an 

 excellent monograph of that most interesting group of Orthoptera. 



West wood's connection with Oxford now began. In 1858, Rev. 

 F. W. Hope presented to the University a valuable collection of 

 insects, including some purchased from Westwood, who was 

 appointed curator of the Hope Museum, which had thus been 

 formed. The University was at that time without a Professor of 

 Zoology ; the munificence of Hope endowed a chair, to which he 

 was to make the first nomination, and, in 1861, he appointed 

 Westwood. 



The new Professor, who had had no University career, received 

 an honorary M.A. from Oxford, and was introduced to Magdalen 

 College, of which, in 1880, he became an Honorary Fellow. For more 

 than thirty years, therefore, he has been a familiar figure at his 

 adopted University, of which, at the time of his death, he was pro- 

 bably the oldest resident. Shortly after his appointment he was 

 associated with Mr. Spence Bate in a monograph of the British Sessile- 



