44 



HOBTICULTURB 



January 11, 1913 



FOREIGN NOTES. 



Paris Chrysanthemum Show. 



Those of our readers interested in 

 foreign ways and means can readily 

 obtain an idea of the great Paris 

 Autumn Show by referring to our 

 French contemporary, "La Vi4 fi, la 

 Campagne" for December 1st last. A 

 full-page illustration gives an excel- 

 lent idea of the general appearance of 

 the show. In another part of the same 

 issue is a picture of the Vilmorin ex- 

 hibit, a typical one in which is plainly 

 shown some examples of French cul- 

 ture imitating the Japanese method of 

 pyramid plants. We do not think the 

 style in question has yet appealed to 

 American growers. It would be some- 

 thing in the way of a contrast to the 

 trained specimens as shown at the 

 Boston show. Both demand an in- 

 finitude of painstaking care and at- 

 tention, yet both are in the end en- 

 tirely different from each other — and 

 the charm of a chrysanthemum show 

 has always been in the practical ap- 

 plication of the old adage that "variety 

 is charming." 



Jardinage. 

 This very artistic monthly journal, 

 started about a year ago by our old 

 friend, Georges Truffaut, still main- 

 tains its high reputation for excellence 

 of style and get up generally. It has 

 a circulation of 50,000 copies and the 

 last number at hand deals very freely 

 with the Queen of Flowers. The text 

 and the numerous photographic illus- 

 trations are almost wholly concerned 

 with the rose and the rose garden. The 

 colored cover illustrations of Jardinage 

 are in themselves quite unique. 



Commercial Chrysanthemum Culture 

 in France. 

 We think we gave, some five or six 

 years ago, an article in HORTICULi- 

 TURE on the above subject. One of 

 the places we visited for the purpose 

 of securing details was the establish- 

 ment of M, Louis Lemaire. We have 

 long known this gentleman, in whose 

 family chrysanthemum growing has 

 been traditional — if we mistake not, 

 Mme. Lemaire is a lineal descendant 

 of M. PeI6, a well-known grower sev- 

 eral generations ago. M. Pel6 was 

 eminent for the improvement and pro- 

 gress made in the pompon section im- 

 mediately following the introduction 

 of the type from the Island of Chusan 

 by Robert Fortune about 1S46. In the 

 last issue of the Journal of the Na- 

 tional Horticultural Society of France 

 is a report of a visit to M. Lemaire's 

 nursery with several illustrations. We 

 learn that his collection comprises 

 about 500 varieties, selected from the 

 best for cut blooms. He grows 100,000 

 plants, one flower on a plant, in 7-inch 

 and 8-inch pots. 



French Chrysanthemum Society. 

 It has always been the custom for 

 this society to hold its annual gather- 

 ing in a different town in France each 

 year. The society has never yet gone 

 beyond the limits of the frontier of 

 France, but at the Nantes conference, 

 held last November, a request was re- 

 ceived from the Belgian members ask- 

 ing that Ghent might be selected for 

 the 1913 meeting. In view of the In- 

 ternational Universal Exposition that 

 Is being organized there the society ac- 

 ceded to the request. The Ghent Quin- 



quennial takes place in April and with 

 the Chi-ysanthemum Conference there 

 in the autumn, a busy time may be 

 expected for the Ghent people, who are 

 past masters in the art of hospitality. 

 Everyone who has been to Ghent 

 knows what that means. 



Ghent Quinquennial. 

 With the National Flower Show that 

 is being organized on the American 

 side of the Atlantic one can hardly ex- 

 pect that there will be many Ameri- 

 can visitors to the Ghent Quinquen- 

 nial, which is announced for the 26th 

 of April to the 4th of May. 1913. The 

 schedule has been prepared and circu- 

 lated and contains 841 classes. It may 

 be obtained of the Secretary, Royal 

 Agricultural and Botanical Society, 

 Ghent, Belgium. At the same time an 

 International Horticultural Congress 

 will be held at Ghent. A pamphlet 

 containing a list of the committees 

 and the questions to be dealt with has 

 already been circulated. Particulars 

 can be obtained of the Secretary, 79 

 Avenue Chazal, Brussels. 



C. HARMAN PAYNE. 



NOMENCLATURE TANGLES. 



Mr. W. Watson, the eminent cura- 

 tor of the Royal Gardens at Kew, Eng- 

 land, has a communication in the Gar- 

 deners' Chronicle on the nomenclature 

 question which we here reproduce as 

 having pertinent interest for many of 

 our readers. 



Formerly the practice was that botanisis 

 gave names to genera and species, and 

 gardeners gave names to varieties and 

 "sorts." When hybrids were raised arti- 

 ficially, the gardeners gave them names 

 also. Botanists loolced on unconcernedly. 

 A hybrid Kose, Rhododendron, Erica, Pel- 

 argonium, Calceolaria or Hippeastrum was 

 to them of no more Importance than a new 

 apple or cabbage. They did not object to 

 the use of Latin names such as bicolor, 

 Broughtonii and hybrida. When they al- 

 tered the names of Kentias, Latanias, Sea- 

 forthias and Geraniums, gardeners paid no 

 heed. Orchids came into horticulture very 

 gradually, and when they were new a bot- 

 anist, generally Dr. Lindley. named them. 

 He was succeeded by the autocrat. Reichen- 

 bacb, who had a keen eye tor differences, 

 which led him to make tpo many genera 

 and to see species where he should have 

 seen varieties. This pleased the growers 

 and dealers, of course. When the breed- 

 ers got to work on orchids, they obtained 

 results which proved that a considerable 

 number of these genera were so nearly re- 

 lated as to interbreed, a proof of blood 

 relationship too close to admit of their 

 standing as separate genera. The trouble 

 began when botanists failed to recognize 

 this. They preferred to look upon such 

 hybrids as bigeneric, and gave them names 

 to indicate this, such as Brasso-Cattleya, 

 Epl-Cattleya, Sophro-Cattleya. The prac- 

 tical commonsense plan wou4d have been 

 to give the hybrid the same generic name 

 as the parent it most resembled, seeing 

 that names need not be pedigrees nor yet 

 histories. Now we have such absurd 

 names as Brasso-Cattleya-Laelia, Sophro- 

 Cattleya-Laelia. and we may soon have 

 Epi - Sophro - Brasso-Cattleya-Laelia ! The 

 same kind of nonsense occurs in the spe- 

 cific names of hybrids, as. for example, 

 Cypripedium Leeano- Chamberlalnianum. 

 Laelio - Cattleya crispo - Rchilleriana, and 

 Brasso-Cattleya Digbyano-Mossiae. Many 

 years ago, a Daffodil conference was held 

 for the purpose of setting the names of 

 the plants in order. It was then decided 

 to name all the hybrid and seedling daffo- 

 dils in the florist's, not the botanist's way. 

 The late Professor Michael Foster, a gar- 

 dener-botanist, held that such names 

 should be easy to write, read and speak. 

 This should be the one golden rule for all 

 garden plant names. There Is the very 

 practical objection to these fearful orchid 

 names that they are the exact opposite to 

 what the worthy Professor recommended. 

 Gardeners are themselves largely to blame 

 for this, because. Instead of naming their 

 horae-bred orchids, as breeders of other 

 kinds of plants do. they asked the botan- 

 ists to do It for them. I agree with much 



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of what Mr O'Brien says, and can also 

 sympathize with Mr. Rolfe's defence of the 

 plan adopted in the "Orchid Stud Book," 

 notwithstanding his effort to make us 

 swallow Paphiopedilum and Phragmopedi- 

 lum. I am heretic enough to say, blow 

 the conferences and confound the botan- 

 ists who have helped to make orchid 

 names what so many of them are. Mr. 

 O'Brien says we need a simple plan of 

 naming over which there can be no dis- 

 pute. 1 would go further by saying we 

 require something more drastic to make 

 the names of garden orchids easy to read, 

 write and speak. This is a matter that 

 concerns the gardener and fancier, not the 

 botanist. The leading breeders and grow- 

 ers should therefore confer and put the 

 names in order, "mopoing off" the long 

 and ugly ones anfi substituting better, as 

 was done in the case of daffodils. Until 

 this is done we shall continue to get more 

 of the same objectionable names. Only 

 last week two new orchids were shown 

 and certified with the following names; 

 Sophro-Laelio-Cattleya Carna and Laello- 

 Cattleya Golden Oriole var. Ruby. I should 

 have called them Cattleya Carna and Cat- 

 tleya Ruby. 



NEWS NOTES. 



Oklahoma City, Okla.— The Texas 

 Nursery Co., of Sherman, Texas, has 

 opened a branch salesroom in this 

 city. 



Asheville, N. C. — Grover Mires, for- 

 merly with the Woolsey Greenhouses, 

 has leased the West Asheville Green- 

 houses. 



Pasadena, Cal. — M. Home has bought 

 the greenhouse establishment of the 

 late John Ross, and will remove the 

 houses and contents to Whittier. Cal. 



Dubuque, Iowa — The Ullman Green- 

 houses, formerly located at Strawberry 

 Point and recently purchased by G. A. 

 Heyne, will be used by the Park de- 

 partment this season for propagation 

 of bedding plants. 



