]57 



Macaranga Iriloha with explosive fruits also appeared, ])ut perhaps 

 its seeds may be able to lie dormant for a long time. 



■ith stage. Macaranga prospered but reaching the limit 

 of its growth, other trees began to shade it, and to cause it to lose 

 place. 



5th stage. Arihrophyllum diversifoUam gained a con- 

 spicuous place, like the Macaranga to lose it as the associated species 

 of greater height got aliove it. 



This is the point at whicli the jungle in question, thirty years 

 old, ai)])eared to be. And at it Ggnotroc/ies axillaris had become 

 the conspicuous small tree of the undergrowth. With years as the 

 ground conditions ])ecame more and more those of the permanent 

 forest Giiiiotrochex would have lost plaice to Anonaceae, Mj/risti- 

 caceae and shade loving Eubiacme, while forest lianes of the Legu- 

 minosae, Ampelidaceae, and Apoci/naceae would have been alvle to 

 grow and to add to the density of the canopy. Then ultimately 

 the condition would come in when the giant forest trees of the 

 Dipterocurpaceae, Meliaceae, Lpguminosae, Malvaceae, etc., are at 

 home. Tentatively I jnit this at upwards of one hundred years 

 from the upspriugii]g of the first growth of the secondary jungle. 



It is interesting to note some of the absentees from the secon- 

 dary Jungle under study. In the first place there were no Loran- 

 thaceae. It is hard to say why. Maesa Avas absent and the whole 

 of the Coiinaraceae. Salacia was expected, but was absent too. 

 The followiug larger trees were not found, Xanlhophi/lhvm, Pyre- 

 naria, Glf/cosmis, Ochanostachgs, Scorodocarpus, and Gonocarj/iim. 

 The want of regeneration of Shorea has already l)een commented 

 on. 



AMien the grouiul had been cleared, the rubl)ish was 1)urned in 

 small bonfires. Immediately a dense growth of seedlings of Alhiz- 

 zia sprung up, started into growth by the scorching of their imper- 

 vious seed-coats. These seedlings had bacterial nodules upon the 

 rootlets, and it is evident that the species could be used as a green 

 manure. A little later weeds came in. Elcusine indica was the 

 commonest grass at first, but Paspalum conjugatum took possession 

 of the soil with greater rapidity and was accompanied by Paspalum 

 sanguinale in patches. Two sedges appeared Ci/perus iimhellatus 

 and C. Irya and a supply of the following weeds, Physalis minima, 

 Capparis Ilidlettii, Alternanthera sessilis, Poazolzia indica, 

 Melochia corchorifolia, Synadrella nodiflora Vandellia crusfacea 

 and S permacoce ocynioides, all having small dry seeds except the 

 first. Then spreading like the Paspalum appeared Trichosanthes 

 wallichiana, Commelyna nodifora, Merremia hastata and Passiflora 

 foetida. There appeared a few plants of Clitorea caianijolia and 

 of Blumea halsamifcra and a good sprinkling of the seedlings of the 

 following trees, Commersonia platyphlla and Trema, with Melas- 

 toma malabathricum and Solanum verhascifolium. There was also 

 plenty of Clerodendron scandens. 



I. H. BURKILL. 



