17 



means, or perhaps, in rare cases, a word of warning about un- 

 pleasant consequences if necessary improvements should not be 

 forthcoming within a week, have in most cases worked toward a 

 better understanding of the most elementary requirements for the 

 production of clean milk and subsequently to an actual desire for 

 improvements which hitherto had been regarded as unnecessary 

 and expensive, evils to be dodged whenever possible. Many of 

 the smaller Oriental dairies are now as clean as the proverbial 

 dutch kitchen, and what counts heavier, on account of the larger 

 numbers of cattle and the greater expense involved, quite a num- 

 ber of the larger dairies have either built entirely new barns or 

 stables, or reconstructed and modernized the old ones. Among 

 these should be mentioned Mr. Charles Bellina's and Mr. Frank 

 Andrade's, the former being a new stable with 196 stanchions 

 made of galvanized iron pipe set in a concrete foundation. A 

 central feed alley is provided with rails on which move the feed 

 cars. In the center of the stable is a turnstile by means of which 

 the cars can be run to the various feed boxes, or else be filled 

 with chopped green feed — alfalfa or Sudan grass from a storage 

 room above, to which the feed is blown through tubes from the 

 cutter located in a separate building beside the stable. The 

 mangers are concrete with smooth cement surfaces, partitioned 

 ofif for each cow with hinged galvanized iron partition which can 

 be raised so as to allow the entire manger to be flushed clean 

 with water. The floors are concrete, graded to the gutters, all of 

 which slant to a general outlet from where the manure is flushed 

 through pipes and flumes directly back to the alfalfa or Sudan 

 fields. A great improvement has been made in the manner of 

 collecting the milk, in that the large collecting cans (40 gallons) 

 have been placed in enclosed boxes with sliding doors and situated 

 on the outside of the rails behind the cows, but well out of range 

 of the splash from the gutters and the swish of the tails. When 

 full these containers are carried on a low truck to a wire con- 

 veyor on which thev slide to the milk room some distance from 

 the stable. Mr. Bellina is one of the largest milk producers in 

 Honolulu at the present time, and great credit is due for his fore- 

 sight and confidence in the future of the local milk problem. 



The same may be said of Mr. Andrade, Mr. Lucas, Mr. Love 

 and many others, and though much still remains to be done, 

 there is evidence of progress in nearly every direction. 



At this Association's meeting last year a great number of 

 questions were asked in regard to Honolulu Dairymen's Associa- 

 tion's establishment on Sheridan street. While no inquiries have 

 been made this time, I nevertheless shall use this opportunity to 

 state that the interest then taken in that concern by the medical 

 profession undoubtedly was conducive to the far-reaching im- 

 provements which have been effected during the past year. The 

 steam sterilization of bottles and containers has been perfected, 

 the milk room proper has been made absolutely fly-proof and the 

 walls made as smooth as enamel. An ice cream factory has been 



