455 



Venturi Meters. For pipes of 6 inches or more in diameter. 



Service Water Meters. For small pipes under ordinary ser- 

 vice. 



Pressure Gages. For special cases where other standardized 

 meters cannot be used. 



Velocity-Area Method. In streams, tunnels, ditches, or other 

 open channels where sufficient drop to install a weir cannot be 

 spared; where the increased cost of a weir does not justify the 

 increased cost of construction ; where the channel carries so much 

 sediment or debris that the approach channel would be filled and 

 the weir crest fouled and when the velocity is too great for estab- 

 lished weir formulas. 



Weirs. Where sufficient head room or drop can be spared ; 

 where the increased accuracy obtained will justify the increased 

 expenditure ; where there is not sufficient sediment or debris to 

 foul the stations and where the entrance velocity can be slowed 

 sufficiently to allow the use of standard formulas. 



Venturi Flumes. These have been devised to increase all of 

 the above-mentioned objections to weirs, except the cost thereof. 

 It is claimed that this device will accurately measure dirty or 

 foul water, at high velocities, and with small loss of head. 



Swine Plague and Its Treatment 



Swine plague is a specific infectious disease, characterized by 

 catarrhal and necrotic pneumonia, in which pleurisy may or may 

 not occur. 



It usually assumes a chronic form, but may be acute, in which 

 case the animals die, after a few hours' illness from atypical sep- 

 ticemia. This disease is quite widespread, but not so fatal nor 

 as widespread as cholera. It is a sporadic or enzootic disease and 

 rarely assumes the epizootic form. 



Swine plague is caused by the bacillus suisepticus, an organism 

 belonging to the hemorrhagic septicemia group. Artificial in- 

 fection of fowls, rabbits and guinea pigs causes a rapid and fatal 

 septicemia. Intravenous injections usually kill a rabbit in from 

 eight to sixteen hours. 



The virulence of this organism is quite variable. It may be 

 found in respiratory organs of healthy hogs. It occurs in soil, 

 and feces of hogs, especially those that are afifected with swine 

 plague. 



It has been quite conclusively demonstrated that some predis- 

 posing condition must exist in swine before the virulence becomes 

 sufficiently exalted to produce the disease. In some cases the or- 

 ganism appears to assume a virulent form outside of the animal 

 body. There has been no satisfactory explanation of the latter 

 condition. 



In the very acute form the lesions are typical of septicemia 

 with petechial hemorrhages in the skin, serous and mucous mem- 

 branes. There may also be enlargement of the spleen and lymph 



