404 



In regard to the outbreaks which have occurred among hogs, 

 they have all been among animals fed on slaughter house oft'al 

 and in practically every case Kona cattle have been among those 

 furnishing the refuse. In hogs the disease takes practically the 

 same form as in cattle — extensive hemorrhages, pleuro-pneumo- 

 nia and intense bloody inflammation of the intestines. Charac- 

 teristic are the gelatinous exudations under the skin and in both 

 chest and abdominal cavities as well as the intense bluish black 

 discoloration of all lymph glands. The disease in hogs corresponds 

 closely to what we used to call swine plague and does undoubtedly 

 appear most frequently and in its most fatal form where the hog 

 cholera infection is present. Had that been the case here the 

 flocks where the disease appeared would undoubtedly have been 

 wiped out in short order. 



Medical treatment is of little or no value. An effort to check 

 one of the outbreaks by means of large injections of hog cholera 

 serum gave doubtful results. About thirty head out of more 

 than seventy died, even though but few were affected at the 

 time of treatment. It is, of course, impossible to say how many 

 would have died had this treatment not been resorted to. In a 

 smaller flock, about thirty head, two of the worst ones were 

 treated similarly. One of these died and one is still alive. Of 

 the remainder, untreated, more than two-thirds are dead and 

 some sick. 



Under these conditions the further spread of the disease could 

 but be viewed with alarm and having learned from the veterinary 

 periodicals that a vaccine had been successfully used on cattle, 

 and especially in an outbreak which threatened to wipe out the 

 buffalo and elk in the Yellowstone National Park, the following 

 inquiry was cabled to the Federal Bureau of Animal Industry in 

 \\'ashington. D. C. : 



''Hemmorhagic septicemia prevalent. Principally hogs — also 

 other animals. No hog cholera nor necro. Is either hog cholera 

 serum or bovine hemorrhagic septicemia serum of curative value 

 to hogs with typical pasteurellosis, or preventive to exposed. 

 Situation serious. Advise measures. 



"NORGAARD." 



The following day a reply was received as follows : 

 "Hemorrhagic septicemia vaccine frequently eft'ective preven- 

 tive. Available Cutter laboratories, Berkeley, California. Serum 

 not available. Strict isolation and disinfectant. 



"Melvin." 



A cable was then sent to the Cutter laboratories in Berkeley 

 for fifty boxes of the vaccine in question, which is expected here 

 on November 21st. This vaccine is prepared for cattle, but may 

 possibly prove effective for hogs also. In any case it constitutes 

 the onlv therapeutic and preventive measure, beyond sanitary and 

 hygienic precautions, which seems to hold out any promise of 



