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bulls on the beef production is now an established fact with the 

 result that the Territory is self-supporting so far as beef is con- 

 cerned. The same may be said of hog meat, for the importation 

 of swine was confined to pure-bred stock for breeding purposes 

 and no hog cholera occurred during the year in island piggeries. 

 Although the importation of mules for plantation use has con- 

 tinued at about the same rate, the number of horses imported has 

 been less, due to the fact that the Army is buying island-bred 

 horses in increasing numbers for cavalry remounts. Merino 

 rams from New Zealand and America have been imported to im- 

 prove the breeds on various ranches where sheep raising is 

 profitable. Poultry and dairy products are still imported in 

 increasing amounts to supply market demands. The improve- 

 ment of all classes of live stock in the Territory has been acce- 

 lerated by the opportunity of friendly competition offered by the 

 county fairs held during the year on Hawaii and Maui. 



The Division has successfully introduced and put to effective 

 use a cure for sore-head in poultry, which has been the means 

 of saving many flocks from extermination. Unfortunately this 

 increase in poultry flocks has been somewhat offset by the unpre- 

 cedented high cost of chicken feed. 



The campaign for the eradication of bovine tuberculosis in 

 the Territory has progressed with satisfactory results and the 

 number of animals reacting to the test has been reduced to 2.87 

 per cent. In the 18 new dairies started during the calendar year 

 1916 all the animals were found to be free from tuberculosis. 

 The passage of an act by the last legislature, whereby $20,000 

 was made available for the indemnification of owners of cattle 

 destroyed on account of tuberculosis, will doubtless greatly aid 

 the Division in the complete eradication of this disease. 



The only serious outbreak of an animal disease during the 

 year was the sudden appearance of anthrax in April on a large 

 ranch on the windward side of Kauai. This was followed late 

 in May by an outbreak of the same disease in a dairy herd on 

 the outskirts of Honolulu on Oahu, and early in June by out- 

 breaks in several different pastures on the Island of Maui. As 

 soon as the outbreak occurred quarantines were placed on each 

 island and the infected districts were closely guarded to prevent 

 the spread of the disease. Carcasses of animals dying of the 

 disease were located as speedily as possible and cremated at once. 

 Supplies of serum vaccine were cabled for and by its use the 

 spread of the disease was greatly checked. Fortunately it was 

 possible to secure from the legislature, still in session when the 

 first outbreak occurred, a special appropriation of $25,000 to 

 combat the disease. The question of how anthrax reached the 

 Territory, where it has never occurred before, remains an un- 

 solved puzzle since it would be next to impossible for the disease 

 to reach these shores by means of live animals because, when 

 the infection once gains an entrance into the blood, the victim 

 dies in the course of a few hours to two or three days. The 



