295 



with the herds existing ten or fifteen years ago. More and more 

 attention is now given to type, and more care is being exercised 

 in picking out animals which conform most nearly to the ideal 

 held in mind by the breeder. We have gotten to the stage where 

 it is not solely sufficient that the animal be pure bred, but it has 

 got to answer to certain specifications recognized as correct by 

 the breeder according to the particular class of animals he is 

 raising. 



The larger percentage of valuable characteristics is transmitted 

 to the offspring through the male, and so it must be borne in 

 mind when picking a sire that he must have all or nearly all the 

 desirable characteristics, and, above all, be able to transmit the 

 same to the greater number of his offspring. It is in the deter- 

 mination of this quality of prepotency that the pedigree is of the 

 most value. A pedigree may be yards long and still, if it con- 

 tains a heterogeneous group of ancestors, be absolutely valueless 

 and the animal therein described of no use from the breeder's 

 standpoint. That pedigree only is of value in which the blood 

 lines are as nearly perfect as possible ; that is to say, one in 

 which the blood of the greatest sire of that particular breed 

 occurs frequently and in which all sires show unusual prepo- 

 tency. A sire with such a pedigree is the most desirable, whether 

 it is to be used in a grade or a pure-bred herd. 



OBJECTIVE POINTS IN BREEDING. 



The objects in breeding are various. AVe will take up those 

 fields in which this Territory is most vitally interested and in 

 which it should be self-supporting. 



The Meat Industry. As far as meat is concerned, the Terri- 

 tory has gone far toward supplying its demand ; especially is this 

 true of beef and pork. The great advance which has been made 

 during the past ten or twelve years in the production of high- 

 class beef, mutton and pork is not generally realized by the 

 public. 



Hundreds of the highest type of pure-bred animals in these 

 three classes have been imported for this purpose, and the work 

 of improvement and breeding has gone steadily on until now we 

 can and are producing in this Territory as high class meat as 

 anywhere in the world. 



In order to obtain an adequate idea of the improvement which 

 has taken place in the line of meat production, it is necessary to 

 go somewhat into detail. 



In 1902 the following cattle and sheep were killed in Ho- 

 nolulu : 



