361 



was recently shipped from northern CaHfornia to an eastern dye 

 manufacturer for experimental purposes. 



The root swellings or burls of the wild lilac are proving valu- 

 able as a substitute for briar in the manufacture of tobacco pipe^ 



Bay rum, used in toilet preparations, is manufactured from tlie 

 California bay tree, and quinine is produced from the wild 

 quinine bush that grows widely over the southern deserts. 



On Deceml)er 5, 1917, a proclamation was signed by the Presi- 

 dent eliminating approximately 431,000 acres from the Sequoia 

 national forest, California. The greater portion of the lands 

 eliminated comprise three large tracts situated at the southern end 

 of the forest. Of the entire area eliminated from the fores*, 

 about 20,000 acres are shown by the classification reports to have 

 agricultural value, and it is believed that considerable of this land 

 will be filed upon in the near future. 



THE MANGROVE IN THE HAWAHAN ISLANDS. 



By Vaughan MacCaughey, College of Hawaii. 



One of the most abundant and characteristic trees along trop- 

 ical and subtropical coasts, throughout the world, is the mangrove. 

 This tree possesses a number of highly interesting peculiarities. 

 It grows in salt water. It forms impenetrable thickets with its 

 branching serial roots. It does not have true seeds, but is vivi- 

 parous, and the young plants are remarkably adapted for life in 

 their marine nursery. 



The mangrove is a notable land-builder. It has added thou- 

 sands of miles of terra firtua to the coast lines which it inhabiti^. 

 The writer, who has been interested for the past decade in the 

 natural history of Hawaii, has often deplored the absence of 

 mangrove swamps in the Hawaiian Archipelago, both from the 

 economic standpoint, and from the standpoint of the general 

 natural history interest of such a life zone. The absence of the 

 mangrove from Hawaii is another evidence of the profound 

 isolation of this archipelago through long periods of time. The 

 coasts of the Hawaiian Islands, both naturally and as a result ci 

 the devastations of man and his live stock, are singularly barren 

 of arborescent vegetation.* There are extensive areas, particu- 

 larly on the islands of Kauai, Oahu, Molokai and Maui, that arc 

 admirably adapted to the mangrove, and that would be greatly 

 benefited by the presence of this valuable land-building tree. 



The mangrove tree is not generally known to be introduced 

 into the Hawaiian Islands. The writer by chance discovered a 



* See MacCaughey, Survey of the Hawaiian Laud Flora, Botanic. d 

 Gazette, August, 1917. 



