136 



Bovine tuberculosis must go first, but to await its eradication 

 through the promulgation of laws, ordinances and regulations 

 which necessarily must carry large appropriations to become 

 effective is futile. Action must come from below and not from 

 above. It therefore rests with either the consumer, the milk 

 producer or the local veterinarian to start the ball rolling" and, as 

 it is the milk consumer who is to reap the greatest benefit from 

 the improvement, it is only reasonable that the consumer should 

 pay for it. And what would the cost amount to? An advance 

 of one cent per quart of milk would in one year pay the full 

 value of every tuberculous cow in the United States and besides 

 leave a handsome profit for the producer as well as pay for the 

 work of the veterinarian. In accordance with statistics furnished 

 by the Hygienic Laboratory (Bulletin No. 56) of the U. S. Public 

 Health and Marine Hospital Service there were consumed in the 

 United States in the year 1900 (12th census) no less than 740,- 

 000,000 gallons of milk and cream by the urban and suburban 

 population alone — that is, this enormous cjuantity was sold by the 

 milk producers and did not include what was consumed on the 

 farm and what was used in the manufacture of butter, cheese, 

 condensed milk, etc. This amounts to about 23 gallons a year for 

 each person. The consumption of milk in Philadelphia during 

 the vear 1905 was estimated at 23 gallons for each inhabitant 

 or an average of half a pint per day for each person. The daily 

 consumption of milk in Honolulu aggregates 6000 quarts, so an 

 advance of one cent per quart would mean $60 per day or v$21,900 

 per annum. This sum would, and probably has, fully reimbursed 

 the milk producers in the City and County of Honolulu if taken 

 as a whole, since the bovine tuberculosis work began in 1910, 

 for los.ses sustained through the destruction of diseased animals, 

 and it has been paid without objection by the milk consumers. 

 It will therefore be seen that if the annual consumption of milk 

 in llonolulu averages 23 gallons or about 100 (|uarts per head 

 as in Philadelphia, the insurance against tuberculous infection 

 through cows' milk would, at an advance of one cent per quart. 

 have cost the consumers nn an average one dollar ])er annmn 

 each. 



In conclusion it may be stated that the intradermal lest is slowly 

 but .surely gaining ground, at least four States using it officially 

 and many others cx])erimenting with it. In California it is now 

 u.sed almost exclusively by the live stock sanitary authorities, even 

 though it is admitted that considerable practice is recpiired before 

 the veterinarian in general can be trusted with it. 



Preventive Measures .l:^(iiiisl Rabies. 



It is now nearlv two years since the regulation requiring the 

 cjuarantining of all dogs coming from or through territory in- 

 fected with rabies went into effect. 



