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nodules. The general character of these nodules indicated a com- 

 paratively recent infection. No other lesions were found in the 

 body, the nasal septum and turbinated bones were perfectly clean 

 and no scars were present. 



This is not the first time that glanders has appeared on the 

 Fernandez place. In November, 1910, a horse was taken from 

 there to the quarantine station, tested and condemned, post- 

 mortem examination verifying the test. This all goes to show 

 the length of time an animal, especially the horse, will carry 

 the disease germs in his system and still remain apparently 

 healthy. Not until the vitality of the system has been lowered 

 through the operation of one or more of the various causes such 

 as lack of food, poor food, harsh treatment, over work, etc., 

 will the invading organisms be able to overcome the defensive 

 forces of the body, commence to multiply and to produce lesions 

 of disease. 



In the lungs of one of these two cases, the one showing clinical 

 symptoms, calcareous and encapsulated nodules were found 

 which, until further knowledge of the subject, must be regarded 

 as primary lesions and indicating an infection of some duration 

 and further indicative that this animal was the carrier of the 

 infection. Still I am of the opinion that other things besides age 

 inter into the calcification and encapsulation of diseased areas in 

 both glanders and tuberculosis. These two conditions may not 

 always indicate a primary lesion and it is very difficult, not to 

 say impossible to point out the original point of infection as 

 calcification, particularly, may take place more rapidly in one part 

 of the body than in another and a secondary lesion assume all the 

 indications of a primary focus. 



Hog Cholera. 



Several inspections were made during the month, both at 

 Pond's piggery, below Schofield Barracks, and at Bellina's pig- 

 gery at Kuliouou. Considerable improvement has taken place 

 in both places. No loss in either young or old hogs is occurring 

 at Mr. Bellina's ranch, and it is safe to say that no further loss 

 will take place as long as the present system of serum inocula- 

 tion is adhered to. At Mr. Pond's farm little loss is occurring, 

 and what there is cannot, at this time, be attributed directly to 

 hog cholera. A certain percentage of loss among the young 

 must be expected in the first litters following the injection of 

 heavy sows with serum. The losses among the older hogs has 

 been due to various digestive troubles consequent on forced swill 

 feeding. Better management is working toward improvement, 

 larger and stronger litters are being farrowed and all young pigs 

 receive serum inoculations, both before and at the time of wean- 

 ing. This is the most practical method to follow, it costs less 

 and the pigs of this age are much easier to handle. Carried out 



