326 



this time have died a natural death or else become greatly atten- 

 uated. Mr. Bellina expressed himself as satisfied with the gen- 

 eral outlook and it is indeed difficult to see how conditions could 

 be improved on from a hygienic viewpoint. If extraneous infec- 

 tion is carefully guarded against and the swill heated to the boil- 

 ing point there only remains the introduction of the more recent 

 sanitary improvements, such as oil rubbing posts or disinfecting 

 wallows or dipping tanks to make conditions ideal. Besides this 

 Mr. Bellina has succeeded in improving the quality of his herd 

 greatly by the use of good boars, and by judicious selection of 

 sows for breeding it should not be long before uniformity in in- 

 dividual excellence is attained. 



For downright enthusiasm, however, on the subject of hog 

 raising one must visit the farm of Mr. Charles Martin, on the 

 mauka side of Diamond Head. Mr. Martin all but sleeps with 

 his hogs, and his success is so much more remarkable as he began 

 a few years ago with practically nothing, a small stony lot and a 

 few razor back sows — and cholera. He therefore had a hard 

 row to hoe, and it was not until hog cholera serum became avail- 

 able that he began to forge ahead. Mr. Martin feeds swill ex- 

 clusively, and he does not boil it, but he watches each sow and 

 her litter and personally treats them with serum in the same way 

 as mentioned above. In fact this method of injecting serum in 

 the young pigs a week or ten days after birth, and again at wean- 

 ing time, was originally introduced here by Mr. Martin, and to 

 this he ascribes his astonishing success as a hog raiser. At the 

 same time he has always been a strong believer in disinfectants, 

 lime especially and some kind of coaltar creosote, besides estab- 

 lishing an effective shotgun quarantine against trespassing dogs, 

 chickens and sanitary inspectors. But in the writer's opinion all 

 of these measures have been but secondary auxiliaries to Mr. 

 Martin's untiring energy and unfailing attendance upon his herd 

 and its requirements at all times. A casual observer would not 

 proclaim the farm a show place nor the herd a show herd, but 

 Mr. Martin knows and appreciates a good mother sow and con- 

 sequently he loses very few pigs. He gathers what green feed 

 he can find, such as pig weed and honohono, and feeds cracked 

 corn or middlings only in finishing his hogs for the butcher. 



In the Moiliili district a great change has taken place since the 

 epidemy of four years ago. About 25 i^iggcrics with an aggre- 

 gate of approximately 1200 hogs were visited. Scrupulous clean- 

 liness and strong litters of young pigs were in evidence nearly 

 everywhere. All swill is sorted and boiled with chopped green 

 feed, pig weed, honohono and some panicum to which is added 

 a varying amount of rice bran. No disease of any kind has 

 occurred since the i)laccs were restocked from one to two years 

 ago, and no serum is used. The animals, young and old, look 

 well in spite of the frequently rather confining quarters. When 

 a.sked for an opinion in rcgarrl to ihc use of scrum and 1o what 



