132 



fresh infection with horses and mules imported from or throui^h 

 CaHfornia and other countries. Owing- to the great cUstance of 

 these Islands from the mainland, and to the ahsolute necessity of 

 imi)orting' large numbers of draft animals from the nearest avail- 

 able market, that is. California, it seemed to have become a habit 

 with horse dealers there to unload on Hawaiian buyers latent or 

 obscure cases of glanders, taking it for granted that the diseased 

 animals could not be returned and that, if returned, they would 

 not be admitted to the State but would have to be destroyed upon 

 return arrival. It seemed therefore to be perfectly safe to ship 

 such animals to Hawaii, and. until the mallein test came into 

 general use. there can be little doubt that many reactors found 

 their way to this Territory. No wonder therefore that glanders 

 spread through the local stables and pastures until over one hun- 

 dred outbreaks per annum became the rule rather than the excep- 

 tion and that the losses from this disease alone at times aggre- 

 gated $30,000 per year. 



With the establishment of the Division of Animal Industr}- in 

 1905 a check was immediately put upon the importation of in- 

 fected animals, although it was not until the cooperation of the 

 federal Bureau of Animal Industry was enlisted in 1907 that a 

 complete stop may be said to have been effected. This policy of 

 the Territorial I>oard of Agriculture and I*"orestry. to demand 

 and obtain federal protection in the interstate shipment of live 

 stock, was soon followed by other states and territories until at 

 the present time it is universally employed throughout the Union, 

 and the regulations of this Board pertaining to the importation 

 of live stock have been adopted, and in some cases copied word 

 for word, by a number of the States. 



At the same time a vigorous hght against the disease within 

 the Territory was inaugvu-atcd and this again led to the aj^point- 

 ment of de])uty territorial veterinarians on the principal islands, 

 without which the creditable result, that is, the apparently com- 

 plete eradication of the disease, could not have been accom])lished 

 in such a short time, and especially without the payment o\ com- 

 pensation for destroyed animals. It is, of course, not im])<)ssible 

 that the disease may linger in some out-of-the-way mountain 

 valley or gulch or remain latent in some old "carrier." as was 

 the case in \\'ai])i<i X'alley, but even so if another outbreak should 

 occur it will soon be apprehended and suppressed, while the in- 

 tradermal test with mallein is so easy and simple that all exposed 

 animals can be located an;l rendered harmless with comparative 

 ease. 



Bo-i'inr Tithrrciilosls. 



What has l)een said al)ove in regard to glanders in horse stock- 

 may to a certain extent be repeated in so far as l)ovine tubercu- 

 losis is concerned. What has been accomplished here along the 

 line of control, suppression and eradication of this fatal insidious 

 disease of dairy cattle and the resulting improvement of the local 



