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for cane. Some of the ii])iicr fields have been abandoned in late 

 years, but it is believed that this line marks about the limit of 

 profitable agriculture, even if with better times these upper lands 

 are again brought under intensive cultivation. Further mauka, 

 especially on the western side of Kipahulu, the topography is very 

 broken, making the land unsuited for anything but forest. 



In Kaupo is one good-sized private land, Kaapahu, the upper 

 part of which would naturally fall within the limits of the forest 

 reserve. But in that the owner of the land, Air. R. A. Drum- 

 mond. intends to continue to use it for grazing, it has been deemed 

 best to leave Kaapahu out of the reserve. The boundary line 

 therefore passes around this land. Kaapahu is bounded on both 

 sides by deep and impassable gulches. The mauka boundary of 

 this land will eventually have to be fenced, along with certain 

 other land boundaries in both Kaupo and Kipahulu. When the 

 present leases held by the Kipahulu Sugar Co. run out and come 

 to be renewed, provision should be made for fences on the forest 

 line where necessary. Fortunately, for a good part of the way 

 natural barriers can be used. 



The government land between Kaapahu and the Hanawainui 

 gulch in Kaupo i.s the only section of the proposed reserve about 

 including which in the reserve there is any question. This is a 

 triangular area about 7000 feet broad at the base and running u]) 

 steeply for an e(|ual distance between large gulches, to a narrow 

 neck near the hill Ahulili. Its makai boundary is now the mauka 

 line of the Kaupo homesteads, laid out some ten years or more 

 ago, and two or three private grants that stop at about the same 

 elevation. The upper portion of this triangle is covered by a 

 heavy stand of native forest, with ie-ie vines and other under- 

 growth. Lower down is a fairly uniform growth of young koa 

 trees, 20 years or so old, apparently dating from a fire, with a 

 scattering of larger koa trees. Along with the koa the waiawi 

 (Psidium pomiferum) on this and adjoining lands is found 

 spreading rapidly and making a better dcveloj-jment tlian any- 

 where else in the Territory. It is here a valuable tree. 



For some little way above the homestead boundary the forest 

 is open and park-like in character, with a carpet of various forage 

 grasses. There is no important source of water on this govern- 

 ment land. The streams in the small gulches are only intermit- 

 tent, the only spring of any conse(|ucnce being one located way 

 makai, not far above the government road, on ]irivate land. 'J'his 

 area is not now imder lease. It is, however, subject to grazing 

 by cattle. At present not very many head are at large, but there 

 is nothing to prevent more from being turned loose at any time. 



It is my judgment that the mauka portion of this triangle 

 ought to be reserved, but that the lower section, immediately 

 mauka of the homestead, might properly be leased for grazing. 

 I have accordingly asked the Survey nffi<-c 1<> fix the boundary 



