142 



recipes for cooking the tubers. The number following" that just 

 mentioned contains advice to coconut planters in connection with 

 the crisis in the industry produced by the war. "During recent 

 years," the article says, "with the great development in Europe 

 of industries which required great cjuantities of coconut oil, the 

 price at which copra was once produced at a moderate profit has 

 doubled and the growers of coconuts have grown wealthy." It 

 goes on to say that the countries that bought Philippine copra 

 are at war and their industries prostrated, so that they cannot use 

 copra and will not buy it at any price, and, even if the war 

 should be short, it will be a long time before the buying power 

 of those old customers will be regained. In consecjuence, there 

 will be a market for good copra and practically none for a poor 

 article. The advice of the writer is to avoid cutting nuts off the 

 trees, but instead let them drop off with sheer ripeness, as they 

 will, thereby saving the expense of removing them artificially from 

 the trees, as well as ensuring uniformly good copra. It is 

 pointed out that good copra cannot be made from unripe nuts, 

 and that good copra can be kept for a number of months without 

 considerable deterioration. 



AN INTERESTING CAVE AT MAKAPUU HEADLAND, 



OAHU. 



By Vaughan MacCaughey, College of Hawaii. 

 (With Chemical Analyses by Frank T. Dillixntgham.) 



Four Illustrations. 



The Makapuu region is the extreme eastern portion of Oahu. 

 It is well known by the great flashing light and lighthouse that 

 stands high upon its barren cliffs. This arid headland is 642 

 feet high and marks the eastern terminus of the deeply-eroded 

 Koolau Range. The wind-swept precipices are cut sheer through 

 the innumerable superimposed lava-sheets that constitute the 

 body of the original great Koolau dome. The vertical profiles of 

 these ancient basalt streams are strikingly revealed ( Fig. 1 ) . 

 Vegetation is exceedingly sparse and scattered ; Schicdca i^lobosa 

 Mann, Euphorbia cordata Meyen, Lcpidium Owaliicnsc Ch. & 

 Schl., and IJpochacta intci:;rifolia Cray, are representative ])lants. 

 Well above high tide mark there is a broad wave-cut platform or 

 .shelf, varying in width from ten to sixty feet (Fig. 1). It is 

 possible to walk along this platform, with the heavy surf on nne 

 liand and on the other the beetling naked cliffs. 



While engaged in a three-day visit to this interesting region, 

 during h'ebruary of 1915, our attention was called, by Mr. 

 Beasely, the lighthouse-keeper, to a remarkable cave near the 



